长江口北港航道开发条件评价及开发时序探讨

合理开发北港航道可缓解目前长江口主航道在南港段面临的巨大通航压力、畅通长江黄金水道、拓宽上海港在长江口的岸线利用范围。通过分析北港航道的开发条件,对北港航道的可开发规模及开发时序作出探讨。分析认为:现阶段可通过规范北港通航,利用自然水深建设5 000吨级航道,部分缓解南港的通航压力;近期可开辟8 m航道,通航2万吨级及以下船舶;中远期则需全面整治北港,开辟10 m航道,满足3万吨级船舶的通航需求。     

对转螺旋桨升力面设计方法

本文针对对转螺旋桨这类组合式推进器的设计问题,采用了升力面设计方法进行设计,在设计过程中通过前后桨的相互迭代求出彼此间的诱导速度,以此来考虑它们之间的相互作用,并采用此方法作了一对对转螺旋桨的设计,同时应用面元法进行了水动力预报。     

日照港岚山港区矿石码头工程堆场装卸工艺设计

本文介绍了日照港岚山港区30.0万t级矿石码头工程堆场装卸工艺的设计条件、设备选型、工艺方案及设计成果,总结了大宗散货堆场装卸工艺的设计思路。     

高原多年冻土隧道施工技术

风火山隧道是世界上海拔最高的隧道 ,地质条件和气候条件均极为特殊 ,隧道的施工难度极大。从洞口段、洞身、厚层地下冰施工以及施工保温、供氧、机械设备配备等方面介绍隧道施工技术。     

嘉陵江草街—北碚段航道整治效果及补水需求分析

嘉陵江草街至河口段整治工程分期实施,部分滩段整治效果未及预期,通航条件仍然较差。针对嘉陵江草街至北碚段航道枯水期斑鸠背、二郎滩等滩段出浅碍航的问题,结合深度平均的平面二维水力学数值模拟和航道通航水流条件原型观测,分析研究河段各滩险的碍航特性及整治效果,提出重点滩段达到航道维护尺度的流量要求及相应保证率。研究结果表明:嘉陵江草街至北碚段航道近年来虽进行了系统整治,航道通航水流条件得到一定的改善,但受逐年地形变化影响,航槽内冲淤变化显著,目前已不能满足Ⅲ级航道尺度要求;在现状条件下,满足Ⅲ级航道尺度要求的草街最小下泄流量约为1 391 m~3/s。     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

Wheat interchanges in Europe: Transport optimization reduces emissions

Numerous Life Cycle Analysis of bread pointed out that wheat production and transportation have important impacts on the environment. But wheat is grown all around the world and it is not always consumed where it is produced. In this paper an analysis of the wheat movements around Europe is done, taking special attention on the Spanish situation. An optimization of wheat exchanges is done eliminating the import–export overlapping. This optimization entails a reduction of the number of trips by 34% and the CO₂ emissions reduction due to transportation is calculated to be 121.175 tones. Consequently less trips, fewer trucks, less traffic and lower emissions that brings economic, social and environmental benefits.     

基于混合约束自编码器的机动车工况智能构建方法

为构建更具代表性的机动车行驶工况，实测采集福州地区1辆机动车共20d的真实驾驶数 据，选取14个特征参数表征运动学片段信息，运用主成分分析和K-means聚类划分运动学片段聚类，根据聚类中心的距离筛选备选片段并随机组合构建工况集合。提取11个特征参数计算构建工况的误差，选择集合中误差最小的工况作为构建工况，提出利用混合约束自编码器构建工况优化模型，并研究参数标定方法，最终将平均误差由2.97%缩小到2.39%。混合约束自编码器模型的分析验证结果表明，优化策略符合实际情况，可以有效避免随机选择带来的误差不确定性，验证了所提出行驶工况构建流程的合理性，并提升了工况预测的精确度，得到模型参数推荐值。对实现碳达峰目标下的机动车碳排放预测及排放控制具有重要的现实作用和意义。     

DISCRETE VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL OF LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEMS WITH TIME DELAY

IntroductionIn recentyears,many methods have been pro-posed for the design of time- delay control sys-tems[1,2 ] and criteria for the stability of time- delaysystems have been developed by many re-searchers[3 ,4] .Time delay in the control systemscan be divided into two classes on the whole.Oneis in measurement of system variables and calcula-tion for required control force,including physicalproperties of equipmentused in the systems or sig-nal transmission.The other is in control for actua-to…