道路软土地基处理方法分析

珠海市香洲洪湾工业片区内为软弱地基,满足不了上部荷载对路基的要求,将会导致路基在通车后产生较大沉降和地下管线的破坏。为保证路基的稳定,提高地基土强度和变形模量,以满足上部荷载对地基土承栽力的要求,提出了对场区内路基采取加固处理方案。目前针对软弱地基的不同构成有很多不同的处理方法,本文结合工程实际情况主要介绍袋装砂井堆载预压处理软弱地基的方法。     

有碴轨道下沉变形参数影响分析

为理解轨道下沉变形产生与发展机理及主要影响参数,以道床下沉为例,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和轨道下沉变形法则,借助已开发的仿真分析程序,分析了运营条件与轨道结构参数对道床下沉变形的影响。分析结果表明:车辆运行速度、车辆轴载、线路运量是轨道下沉破坏主要控制因素;采用重型钢轨、大截面尺寸轨枕和重质道碴可以降低道床下沉量;轨枕间距大,道床弹性模量高,不利于道床下沉变形的控制;当路基K30模量小于90MPa.m-1时,道床下沉量随着K30值的增加而增大,当K30值大于90MPa.m-1时,随着K30值的增加道床下沉量反而降低。可见,为了阻止有碴轨道下沉变形,应注重轨道结构参数的匹配,合理安排运输。     

植被护坡设计概述

植被护坡要达到护坡和美化环境的效果,一方面要将植被防护与工程防护有机地结合起来,建立既稳固又有生态效应的防护体系,另一方面要综合考虑草、灌、花、乔等多种类植物的合理搭配,以形成优美、协调、稳定的景观.     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Sensitivity-based uncertainty analysis of a combined travel demand model

Travel demand forecasting is subject to great uncertainties. A systematic uncertainty analysis can provide insights into the level of confidence on the model outputs, and also identify critical sources of uncertainty for enhancing the robustness of the travel demand model. In this paper, we develop a systematic framework for quantitative uncertainty analysis of a combined travel demand model (CTDM) using the analytical sensitivity-based method. The CTDM overcomes limitations of the sequential four-step procedure since it is based on a single unifying rationale. The analytical sensitivity-based method requires less computational effort than the sampling-based method. Meanwhile, the uncertainties stemming from inputs and parameters can be treated separately so that the individual and collective effects of uncertainty on the outputs can be clearly assessed and quantified. Numerical examples are finally used to demonstrate the proposed sensitivity-based uncertainty analysis method for the CTDM.     

改进振动法在地下工程动力时程计算中的应用

地下工程受到周围土体的约束作用,其动力反映与地面工程有所区别,如将源于地面工程的振动法用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析,需要进行相应的改进.文章通过计算分析发现,振动法用于地下工程动力时程计算时,在计算模型边界条件和波动传播时间效应方面不能反映波动对地下工程作用的实质；通过对比分析,在这两个方面对常规振动法进行了改进；提出了适用于地下工程动力时程计算的改进振动法.该方法的计算模型采用左右两侧粘弹性底部固定的人工边界条件,波动输入采用能够反映波动传播时间效应的分层加速度动态输入法,其计算分析结果与理论解吻合较好,适用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析.     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

Enhancing stated preference surveys in transportation research: the contribution of geographic information systems

In this paper we argue that visualization, data management and computational capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) can assist transportation stated preference research in capturing the contextual complexity of many transportation decision environments by providing respondents with maps and other spatial and non-spatial information in graphical form that enhance respondents' understanding of decision scenarios. We explore the multiple inherent contributions of GIS to transportation stated preference data collection and propose a framework for a GIS-based stated preference survey instrument. We also present the design concepts of two survey prototypes and their GIS implementation for a sample travel mode choice problem.     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.