开敞式码头泊位长度试验研究*

关于开敞式碟形码头的泊位长度,我国港口设计规范与英国规范和OCIMF指南中的规定值差别较大,我国规范规定的泊位长度较长。针对这一问题,通过水池物理模型实验,研究了开敞式蝶形码头的泊位长度对系泊船舶的系缆力和运动量的影响。实验水文条件考虑波浪、潮流、风要素,实验船型为30万吨级典型油轮,采用3种泊位长度布置方案。实验结果表明,缩短码头泊位长度,并均化缆长分布,能使缆力分布趋于均匀,并减小与横向约束相关的船舶运动量。     

What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

Parameters of moving sidewalks for airport terminal pier fingers

A moving sidewalk system installed at an airport pier finger is analyzed. The optimal length of the moving sidewalk and the optimal spacing between the access points which minimize the total cost of the system are obtained using methods of calculus, for a number of cases based on the different proportions of arriving, departing and transferring passengers and for two different types of moving sidewalks: elevated, at‐grade.

The optimal length of the moving sidewalk is shown to be linearly related to the length of the concourse, and to the total passenger demand. The effect due to preticketed transferees is insignificant.

The optimal spacing between access points is shown to be proportional to the square‐root of either the cost of an access escalator or the cost of inconvenience to a passenger due to an intermediate gap, depending on the moving sidewalk system under consideration. It also changes with the percentage of preticketed transferees.     

粉沙质海岸的工程泥沙问题

粉沙质海岸泥沙活跃,易起易沉,易发生骤淤,曾一度被视为建港"禁区",并成为泥沙研究的"盲区"。文中对粉沙质海岸建港中的工程泥沙问题进行了分析总结。     

单片机控制的步进电机式车用仪表机心的研制

单片机控制的步进电机式车用仪表机心在欧、美等国应用已相当普及,其卓越的性能价格比已引起我国车用仪表界的广泛关注。本文在详细阐述步进电机式机心车用仪表技术特点的基础上,将此领域的有关研究成果,特别是其硬件电路的组成和主要部分的电路原理图公开发表。     

不同航态下船舶运动规律仿真研究

主要根据波浪叠加理论,采用ITTC单参数标准海浪谱对随机海浪作用下船舶线性横摇、纵摇运动进行建模和仿真研究,探讨不同船型、各种航态(不同海况、不同航速、不同航向)下船舶横摇和纵摇运动规律,为进一步研究船舶的减摇预报与控制打下基础。     

京唐港附近海域粉砂质泥沙运动规律与整治措施

重点探讨京唐港在挡沙堤形成的各阶段,港区附近粉砂质泥沙的运动规律,寻求挡沙堤的合理布局,并提出整治与疏浚的最佳组合。     

基于仿生鳍的两栖驱动机构运动分析

为证实一种新型两栖驱动机构合理,并为之后研究提供基础,通过运用有限体积法,将柔性三维薄板视为仿生鳍鳍进行模拟分析,在水下环境中具体研究了振幅、周期等参数对仿生鳍运动的影响并分析推进原理,发现仿生鳍运动模式与马陆倍足运动方式基本一致。陆地上的研究通过建立运动学、动力学方程进行分析。结果表明,在水下仿生鳍单参数变量为振幅时主要影响运动的最大速度,与速度呈正比关系;为周期时影响加速度,与之呈正比关系;而推进效果是由仿生鳍两侧高、低压中心产生的正压梯度所提供。在陆地上仿生鳍的约束力足以提供运动所需驱动摩擦力,从而证明仿生鳍不仅可在水中进行巡游,而且通过调整结构姿态可实现在陆地的运动,由一套驱动机构实现了两栖运动功能。     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

卸船机小车卷筒联轴器窜动处理及改造

珠海电厂卸船机小车卷筒联轴器窜动的重大缺陷影响了安全生产。分析了缺陷的表现,介绍了处理缺陷的多项办法。改造后,实际使用效果较好。解决了设备本身存在的设计缺陷,提高了设备的安全性。可供借鉴。