转向架构架局部结构优化与轻量化研究

降低结构的应力集中效应、改变结构几何形状和减小结构几何尺寸是实现转向架焊接构架轻量化和提高疲劳强度的有效途径。文章以某转向架构架结构为例,基于DVS 1612标准的结构疲劳强度评估方法和规定的焊接接头质量等级,采用对结构高应力集中效应区域进行局部焊接接头优化和局部结构形状优化,将焊接构架抗侧滚扭杆安装座与侧梁下盖板连接焊缝的疲劳强度材料利用度由大于1.773分别降低到0.704和0.871,同时实现了侧梁下盖板、辅助纵梁内外立板板厚的减小以及横梁钢管壁厚的减小,满足疲劳强度的前提下,实现了构架轻量化与局部结构优化的目标。     

渔船吊装下水强度有限元分析

就某渔船的吊装下水进行了方案设计和有限元强度计算.通过吊耳处受力分析确定了三级吊绳吊装方案,并采用最优化理论计算了三级吊绳中间吊点位置,同时考虑到船体和吊绳的变形对中间吊点位置的影响,采用了最优化求解与有限元分析进行迭代的计算方法.计算结果表明本文采用的中间吊点位置计算方法具有很高的精度,所设计渔船结构的吊装方案满足强度和刚度要求.     

油船舱室噪声预报

以某万吨级油船为目标船,介绍了油船典型舱室噪声分析预报声学有限元（FE）、统计能量（SEA）数值分析理论和方法．并根据IMO规范对所关注舱室的噪声水平进行评价,针对超标的舱室给出减振降噪处理方案。计算考虑了船舶桨、主机、空调及风机等噪声源引起的结构噪声和空气噪声。     

CFS/GFS混杂加固钢筋混凝土梁界面应力数值分析

为了模拟混杂纤维布末端剥离破坏过程,建立CFS/GFS混杂加固梁界面有限元模型,与双层CFS加固梁数值分析结果进行对比研究,对不同长度的混杂纤维布加固模型进行计算。结果表明:混杂加固可以有效地控制纤维布末端界面剪应力,而且界面正应力也有所降低,混杂加固方式具有优良的界面混杂效应;随着纤维布有效粘贴长度的减小,胶层端部界面剪应力与正应力成比例增加,增加比例随距离的增加,呈递减趋势。     

汽车点火系统电磁辐射发射的建模与仿真

首先分析了点火系统电磁辐射干扰的机理,并通过实验发现,点火系统低压侧电源线上的共模电流是产生电磁辐射的主要来源,据此建立了点火系统电磁辐射发射的模型。继而在验证有限元法计算导线周围电磁场可行性的基础上,建立了整车点火系统电磁辐射发射的有限元模型,并进行仿真。仿真与实测结果表明,所建的整车点火系统电磁辐射发射模型可行有效。     

行人膝关节有限元模型的建立与验证

在前期研究中对下肢长骨和膝关节主要韧带的模型进行了全面验证的基础上,建立了具有详细解剖学结构的行人膝关节有限元模型,并定义了各组织间的接触。依据更符合实际行人事故中膝关节载荷特点的生物力学实验,对膝关节有限元模型进行了动态四点弯曲和动态三点弯剪仿真验证。结果显示膝关节模型的生物力学响应与实验结果吻合,能较好地反映膝关节的损伤和动力学响应,具有较好的生物逼真度。     

基于ANSYS/FE-SAFE的造船门式起重机疲劳仿真分析

使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对300 t造船门式起重机金属结构建模并进行静力学分析,在此基础上利用FE-SAFE软件对其典型工况进行疲劳仿真分析,再利用ANSYS后处理模块获得金属结构的疲劳寿命云图,从而确定起重机结构各局部的疲劳寿命,为改进造船门式起重机结构、提高疲劳寿命提供理论基础.     

A simplified method to efficiently design steel fenders subjected to vessel head-on collisions

Steel fenders have been widely used to protect bridges from vessel collisions because of their relatively large plastic deformability and energy dissipation capacity. In the design of a steel fender, detailed finite element (FE) models are usually employed. However, detailed FE analysis involves complicated modeling and substantial computation time. This method is often not applicable, particularly during preliminary design iterations. For this reason, a simplified analytical method was developed in this paper with the aim to efficiently design steel fenders under vessel collisions. For primary individual members of steel fenders, the deformation mechanisms and models as well as participations during various collision scenarios were discussed in detail. By combining the contributions of primary members, a general analytical procedure was presented to rapidly estimate the force-deformation relationship of steel fenders under various bow impacts. For the fixed and floating steel fenders, several collision scenarios were simulated by FE models to verify the accuracy of the developed analytical method. The crushing resistances and energy dissipation capacities estimated by the developed analytical method were in good agreement with those obtained from the FE simulations. Based on the analytical method, an energy-based design approach was proposed for the efficient design of steel fenders. The developed design approach was demonstrated to be capable of predicting the crush depth and peak impact force of a steel fender with good accuracy.     

液化天然气船隔热舱室温度场的仿真计算

分析了液化天然气(LNG)船液货舱隔热舱室,提供了传热数学模型、边界条件、舱室合理简化、舱室对流系数以及辐射边界的处理,然后基于ANSYS软件建立了138000 m3LNG船1/4液货舱的三维有限元模型,运用APDL语言进行迭代计算,计算出在各种工况下LNG船隔热舱室的温度场分布、蒸发率等参数并与实船比较分析,其仿真结果与实测数据接近,证明建模和仿真计算方法是可行的。     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.