钢-混凝土双面组合连续梁界面滑移试验研究

钢-混凝土双面组合连续梁是一种新型的组合结构.钢与混凝土组合的上、下交界面都会产生界面滑移.对3根钢-混凝土双面组合2×2.9 m连续梁模型进行试验研究,测得了受拉混凝土裂缝扩展状况、典型截面沿梁高的应变分布和钢与混凝土界面相对滑移及滑移应变沿梁长的分布.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建模,给出了组合梁的滑移曲线和滑移应变曲线,与实测结果对比吻合较好.双面组合梁上混凝土板与钢梁间的界面滑移分布与单面组合梁相似,但最大滑移量减少了20%多;负弯矩区的截面刚度提高了27%左右.     

概念设计与FE仿真评估在行人腿部保护车身设计中的应用

综合运用mode FRONTIER和MADYMO软件,以上海汽车集团公司自主研发车型为研究对象.对腿部碰撞区域的接触刚度进行了优化设计,在满足2003/102/EC第一阶段法规要求的前提下,获得了腿部碰撞区域所需的最小变形空间;结合有限元仿真分析评估该车型的行人腿部保护性能,并对车身设计进行了改进.仿真结果表明,改进后的车身能够满足2003/102/EC第一阶段法规的相关要求.     

Improved method for non-linear FE analysis of polar class ship primary structures

In the IACS Polar Class Rules, primary structures are required to be assessed with direct calculation methods, which in most cases is either linear or non-linear finite element analysis. For linear analysis a clear set of requirements and acceptance criteria are provided in the rules. This approach is currently the most widely used assessment method although non-linear analysis would provide better insight into the behavior of the structure, giving designers tools to reduce weight and/or improve safety. The current rule requirements for non-linear analysis are high-level in nature and not easily applicable to practical design work. In order to implement non-linear analysis practically, a simple-to-use acceptance criteria is be needed. In this paper, a robust and simple-to-use assessment methodology and acceptance criteria is proposed. The proposed method provides means to ensure proper structural hierarchy. Appropriate safety margins are described through the plastic response of the local frame and the primary structural member. Allowable plastic deformation caused by the design ice load is determined by relating the permanent set of the structure to newbuild vessel production tolerances. An example analysis comparing the proposed method to existing linear and non-linear methods is presented. The proposed method ensures that the structure remains serviceable throughout the lifetime of the vessel.     

模拟退火算法在轨道车辆司机室蒙皮成形工艺参数优化中的应用

蒙皮拉延成形中涉及到的工艺参数众多,取值区间不连续,难以通过单因素优化方法获取生产所需的最优工艺参数组合。提出了一种基于响应面模型和模拟退火算法的蒙皮成形工艺参数组合优化方法。以轨道车辆司机室蒙皮为例,根据产品需求和生产工况设计了工艺参数组合,通过有限元仿真方式获取了不同工艺参数组合下工件成形效果,建立了回弹量、最大应力与工艺参数组合之间的响应面模型;通过模拟退火算法,在工件不断裂前提下,将工件成形后的回弹量由前期工艺试制时的32 mm降低至6.89 mm,并获取了最小回弹量对应的工艺参数组合。采用优化后的工艺参数组合指导工艺试制,成形件满足试制工艺条件,且回弹量的试验结果和优化结果相吻合。结果表明:该蒙皮成形工艺参数优化方法可以有效降低工件成形后的形状误差,并为后续模具型面补偿提供依据。     

采矿船舱段有限元强度分析方法研究

采矿船于船舯处有大开口月池贯穿船底用于矿物开采,并且月池前后均匀分布4个矿物储存舱,采矿船兼有矿砂船和钻井船的共性。矿砂船横剖面形式采用方形截面设计,便于舱内矿物海上输入输出转运作业。舱段有限元相对于全船有限元更加方便快捷,航行状态下采矿船内、外载荷与矿砂船类似。因此对于航行状态,该文按照CCS船舶规范,从结构型式、模型范围、工况选取及参数设置等方面考量,并应用CCS-HCSR-TOOLS软件进行舱段有限元强度分析;根据计算分析结果得出采矿船前期设计需要特别关注的区域,为采矿船结构设计和强度分析提供思路和方向。     

Towards a unified methodology for the simulation of rupture in collision and grounding of ships

The aim of the work is the definition of a procedure for the numerical simulation of the response of ship structures under accidental loading conditions, which suffer various different modes of failure, such as tension, bending, tearing and crushing and in particular to investigate the effect of material modeling, i.e. material curve and rupture criterion as well as mesh size and strain rate effect on the results. To this end, different material models and simulation techniques were used for the simulation of eighteen indentation tests conducted by different research groups. The simulations were performed using the explicit finite element code ABAQUS 6.10-2. The tests refer to the quasi-static and dynamic transverse and in-plane loading of various thin walled structures which represent parts of a ship structure. Three rupture criteria are incorporated into VUMAT subroutine, which interacts with the explicit finite element code and refers to an isotropic hardening material that follows the J₂ flow theory assuming plane stress conditions, in order to investigate the prediction and propagation of rupture. The focus is on investigating whether it is possible to define a unified methodology, which is appropriate for the simulation of all different tests. Consistency in the numerical results is observed with the use of an equivalent plastic strain criterion, in which formulation a cutoff value for triaxialities below −1/3 is included.     

基于无缝线路失稳分析的地铁轨温预警限值

运用有限元方法建立直线和曲线有砟轨道无缝线路的稳定性分析模型,讨论道床横向阻力、线路初始不平顺等多个因素的影响,分析结果表明:当钢轨横向位移超过0.5 mm左右时,其增长的速率明显加大。因此建议综合考虑钢轨横向位移增长速率突变处的温升、我国规定的允许温升及计算温升作为高温时的轨温预警限值,并采取绿-黄-橙-红四级预警机制。     

动态显式有限元法在冷冲压加工模拟中的应用

介绍了动态显式有限元法的原理、特点和应用，并用动态显式有限元法对机车车辆的转向架交叉杆冷冲压加工过程进行计算机模拟分析．模拟分析的结果说明了动态显式有限元法在模拟像冲压加工这种大变形过程中的优越性．     

Automatic FE modeler using stiffener-based mesh generation algorithm for ship structural analysis

Shipbuilding industries have started to employ 3D CAD systems to integrate all design and production processes by achieving seamless data transfer and data sharing. The emerging 3D CAD system brings a considerable change in FE analysis field. The availability of 3D geometry increased the recognition of the need for developing automatic FE modeling system consequently.

However, general automatic mesh algorithms developed by academic research field have a limitation. The difficulty in satisfying lots of line constraints and the absence of proper idealization of 3D geometry entities defined in CAD system hinders directly employing the general mesh algorithms.

In this research, an automatic FE modeling system has been developed for cargo hold FE modeling and whole ship FE modeling. The basic concept of the algorithm is to decompose surfaces using stiffener lines into subregions and generate mesh using a rule established based on FE modeling practice of ship structure. Since the decomposed subregions take simple polygon, they can be easily transformed into elements by decomposing the polygon according to the rule defined considering the shape of the polygon and mesh seed on its perimeter. The algorithm is also designed to treat appropriate geometry idealizations for bracket-type surface and stiffener connections. The idealization process is also completely customized based on FE modeling practice. The validity of the developed system is verified through illustrative examples.     

钢框架组合结构的冲击倒塌分析与防倒措施研究

研究目的:结构倒塌破坏的研究引起了许多学者的高度关注。本文在已有试验模型和结果的基础上,研究钢框架组合结构在冲击荷载作用下的倒塌临界条件和预防倒塌措施,为防止结构倒塌研究提供参考。研究方法:用LS-DYNA有限元软件对模型结构的冲击倒塌进行了仿真分析,与试验结果的对比验证其可行性。并采用相同方法分析了96组不同梁跨度的试验模型,用MATLAB回归出了结构倒塌的临界挠度简化计算公式。最后,采用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟分析防倒塌措施的效果。研究结果:试验模型的有限元模拟分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,回归得出了结构倒塌的临界挠度计算公式,采用了本文提出的防倒塌措施的可显著提高结构倒塌的临界挠度。研究结论:本文采用的冲击倒塌仿真分析方法可行,得出的结构倒塌临界挠度计算公式精度较高,提出的防倒塌措施有效。