地效翼船自控参数的优化研究

介绍了基于地效翼船空间运动方程的自控参数优化方法.首先建立了带有自控参数的地效翼船空间运动方程;再以MATLAB为工作平台,利用其非线性多目标函数fmincon(),建立优化系统的数学模型;最后采用MATLAB/GUIDE编制了自控参数优化程序,对地效翼船自控参数进行了优化计算.结果表明:通过地效翼船自控参数的优化计算,可以达到规定的运动性能指标,不必单纯依靠气动设计来解决地效翼船的运动稳定性和操纵性问题.     

白噪声海浪激励下船舶非线性横摇运动的概率分析

应用求解FPK方程近似解的一种新理论研究白噪声激励下船舶非线性横摇运动的联合概率密度函数及稳定期望穿阈率.船舶随机横摇运动微分方程考虑到阻尼力与恢复力的非线性.新理论基于减少FPK方程的误差以获得参数化的联合概率密度函数.应用本理论易得一维积分表达的系统响应的概率特性,如联合概率密度函数及稳定期望穿阈率.近似解与精确解的比较结果表明:新理论在研究白噪声激励下船舶非线性横摇运动是非常有效的.     

格拉管道顺序输送运行优化研究

不同油品依次沿一条管道顺序输送,是长距离输油管道的基本营运业务之一,其工况的运行优化具有重要的理论和工程意义。给出了表述油品“界面”处于管道某特殊点时全线压能平衡方程和各校核点动压的通用计算公式。根据格拉管道改造方案,以寻求最大输量为目标,对其进行了工况运行优化研究。在寻求最优调节方案时,采用了上游调节优先,先停运泵机组、后分配节流压力的方法。     

一种新的求线性微分方程特解算法

提出了求解高阶常系数线性微分方程Pn(D)x=Pm(t)eλt特解的一种新的算法.     

沥青混凝土路面多孔混凝土基层的疲劳性能

多孔混凝土作为沥青混凝土路面的基层时,和面层一起受到车辆荷载和温度的反复作用,结构设计中需考虑其疲劳性能。通过室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验,分析疲劳寿命试验数据的概率分布,得出多孔混凝土疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,以此建立了不同应力水平和等效应力水平下两种形式的疲劳方程;分析了疲劳寿命变异性的影响因素及减小变异性的相应措施,比较得出其疲劳性能优于半刚性基层材料。利用得出的疲劳方程,建立了多孔混凝土作为沥青混凝土路面基层时,进行层底弯拉应力验算的弯拉强度结构系数,可用于路面结构计算。     

Investigating the effects of psychological factors on commuting mode choice behaviour

This paper utilizes socio-psychometric survey data to investigate the influence of attitudes, affective appraisal and habit formation on commuting mode choice. The data-set was collected in 2009–2010 in Edmonton, Alberta. In addition to conventional socio-economic, demographic and modal attributes, the survey gathered psychological information regarding habitual behaviour, affective appraisal and personal attitudes. Different psychometric tools were used to capture psychological factors affecting mode choice. Habitual behaviour was measured using Verplanken's response-frequency questionnaire. Affective appraisal was indirectly estimated using the Osgood's semantic differential. Five-point Likert scales were used to measure attitude. The structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was used to investigate the effects of psychological factors on mode choice behaviour. SEM captures the latent nature of psychological factors and uses path diagrams to identify the directionality as well as intensity of the relationships. The investigation reveals that passengers have positive emotions towards their chosen mode. Further, evidence of the superiority of the car as a travel alternative was established in terms of strong habit towards it, such that passengers would use the car for almost every single trip.     

基于HYSYS的B型LNG燃料舱BOG压缩供给系统

以一艘B型液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)燃料舱舱容为30000 m3的发电船为目标船,对其3种蒸发气(Boiled Off Gas,BOG)压缩供给系统进行模拟计算分析。采用HYSYS软件建立BOG压缩供给系统模型,通过实际气体状态方程计算BOG物性值,分别对该系统进行BOG温度、压力和流量单变量变化等方面的热力性能分析。结果表明当压缩机进口处选用高压力和低温度BOG时,能有效降低其功耗;常温BOG单级压缩机出口温度高于150℃,压缩机的选型受到限制;当常温BOG两级压缩机进口温度不超过2℃时,其出口温度不超过150℃;控制第二级压缩机进口温度可免设BOG冷却器,节约成本。     

Which factors lead to driving errors? A structural equation model analysis through a driving simulator experiment

As driving error is a main contributory factor of road accidents, its causes and consequences are of great interest in the road safety decision making process. This paper investigates several factors (including driver distraction, driver characteristics and road environment) that affect overall driving error behaviour and estimates a new unobserved variable which underlines driving errors. This estimation is performed with data obtained from a driving simulation experiment in which 95 participants covering all ages were asked to drive under different types of distraction (no distraction, conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in rural and urban road environment, as well as in both low and high traffic conditions. Driving error was then modeled as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator parameters. Subsequently, the impact of several risk factors such as distraction, driver characteristics as well as road environment on driving error were estimated directly. The results of this complex model reveal that the impact of driver characteristics and area type are the only statistically significant factors affecting the probability of driving errors. Interestingly, neither conversing with a passenger nor talking on the cell phone have a statistically significant impact on driving error behaviour which highlights the importance of the present analysis and more specifically the development of a measure that represents overall driving error behaviour instead of individual driving errors variables.     

考虑出行环境的居住满意度结构方程模型

为解决居住满意度缺少定量涵盖出行环境的问题,从出行环境、地理区位、社区环境、住房条件4 个维度提取居住满意度的影响因素,构建涵盖5 个潜变量、21 个测量变量的居住满意度结构方程模型,描述出行环境对居住满意度的影响及相互作用关系. 结果表明：出行环境、地理区位、社区环境、住房条件对居住满意度均有显著的正向影响,地理区位对出行环境也存在显著的正向影响;各维度总的影响效应呈现出地理区位(0.913),出行环境(0.877),社区环境(0.748),住房条件(0.532)依次递减的趋势,但出行环境对居住满意度的直接影响最大,其值为0.887.     

面向公路主动式防冰处置的行业信息物理系统

针对面向智能交通的行业信息物理系统（CPS）,以公路冰雪灾害防治作为应用目标,基于信息物理融合理论设计了公路主动式防冰处置的CPS模型,形成由一系列跨越信息世界、物理世界的节点相互耦合而成的巨型分布式反馈控制系统。围绕该CPS模型,提出了基于热力学规律的 路面温度短时预测算法,并基于风险理论设计了主动式防冰控制策略。对实测数据的实验分析和实际路段的系统应用表明,由于在预测算法中考虑了空气温度与路面温度的耦合变化关系,该 CPS 具有较高的预测精度,30min 的平均路面温度预测误差约为±0.2℃;该CPS 的融冰处置能够覆盖高速公路约3/4 的有效行车区域,可以预先避免凝冰和积雪的形成或是主动降低其危害性。