Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

A theory of coupled beams for strength assessment of passenger ships

This paper describes a coupled beam method, which estimates elastic response in the longitudinal bending of a passenger ship with a large multi-deck superstructure. The method can be applied during an early project stage, when detailed three-dimensional finite element modelling is not yet possible. The theory is based on the assumption that each deck in the superstructure and also the main hull can be considered as a thin-walled beam. These beams are coupled to adjacent beams with springs modelling vertical and shear stiffness. The shear effect in the side and deck structures is included with options for large openings. As a result, the method allows for the calculation of the normal stresses and vertical deflections in the arbitrary location of the hull girder. Average longitudinal displacements of deck structures and shear stresses in the side structures can be estimated as well. Simplified structures were analysed in order to validate the coupled beam method against the three-dimensional finite element method.     

长大货物列车空气管系3维充气模型的数值仿真

应用计算流体动力学中的有限体积法,建立长大货物列车空气管系的3维充气特性模型。该模型能同时求解主管、支管的压力和速度,不用类似1维模型引进经验公式或辅助边界条件帮助求解,避免了1维模型中人为解藕不当而出现的各种问题。利用交错网格算法和长大列车空气管系直径与长度的尺度效应,灵活设置压力和速度的自由度,选取压力和速度的控制容积来离散3维模型的控制方程。离散后的代数方程表明,3维模型的计算量与1维模型的计算量几乎相同。提出了一种改进的算子分裂算法求解压力速度耦合方程,数值试验表明,当时间步长很大时算法依然稳定和健壮。用研究开发的程序,将计算结果与国内外长大列车充气特性的有关试验结果进行了对比分析,验证所提出的理论和算法的正确性。     

罐体组对设备中筒体和支撑特征参数的研究

对筒体及其支撑的受力情况进行有限元分析计算,得出了在组对过程中筒体的壁厚、内径、支撑杆数和支撑误差等参数的变化对筒体变形、圆周误差及应力的变化规律,确立了诸多重要工程设计参数的选择原则,提高了组对过程中对结果预见的准确程度.     

某软弱基座型斜坡的稳定性分析

以仁义河特大桥南桥台斜坡为例,通过对斜坡底部的石膏角砾岩的力学特性和流变特征分析,认为该斜坡为一可溶性软弱基座型斜坡,组成斜坡基座的石膏角砾岩是一种具有流变特性的软岩。采用2Dσ软件对斜坡体的稳定性进行了二维有限元分析,认为该斜坡只可能发生局部的失稳破坏,不会发生大面积的滑坡、崩塌或座滑,不会影响大桥的安全,从而为解决该类特殊斜坡工程问题提供参考。     

无舱盖集装箱船货舱强度研究

无盖集装箱船在货舱满载工况下的货舱强度是这种新型船舶结构设计的关键，本文通过１０００箱无舱盖集装箱船货舱强度的研究表明，只要考虑到这种船舶的受力特点，通过精心设计计算，无舱盖集装箱船的货舱结构是能满足强度要求的。就结构而言，设计和制造这种无舱盖集装箱无特别的困难。     

组合梁滑移和剪切变形双重效应的有限元分析

根据最小势能原理和变分法,定量研究组合梁界面滑移对构件性能的影响。滑移增大结构曲率,降低构件刚度,增加附加弯矩,从而引起挠度增大。建立考虑滑移效应和剪切变形双重作用下挠度和滑移控制微分方程。求得集中荷载条件下挠度和滑移的解析表达式。在解析表达式的基础上推导考虑双重效应的组合梁单元刚度矩阵。     

ANSYS在贝雷梁施工支架检算及变形量预测中的应用研究

以漳卫新河大桥槽形梁贝雷支架为工程背景,基于有限元分析原理,采用ANSYS建立了贝雷梁支架的空间有限元模型,对其强度、刚度进行了检算;并利用ANSYS的优化设计功能,对支架结构进行了优化设计。同时,将优化设计的变形计算结果与现场支架预压的实测数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:采用空间分析模型,较好地反映了贝雷梁支架实际的受力情况,利用优化设计功能,有效地改善了支架结构受力,降低了工程成本,加快了工程进度;优化后的支架模型,理论计算值与实测值吻合程度良好,为结构预拱度的计算提供了良好的理论基础。本文的研究可为同类工程参考。     

路桥过渡段纵向处理长度范围研究

桥头跳车现象是公路中常见的病害之一,它的存在严重影响了行车的舒适性,降低了车辆的行驶速度和道路的通行能力,加剧了车辆及桥台构造物的损坏。从台背过渡段路基产生沉陷的原因出发,通过建立三维空间模型,应用有限元法对产生不均匀沉降的可能影响因素进行了计算分析,并在此基础上给出了台背过渡段纵向处理的长度范围要求。     

电动车用永磁同步电机定子铁心固有频率研究

为了准确预测永磁同步电机定子的固有频率,对某8极36槽永磁同步电机定子铁心进行等效和假设处理,建立其模态分析有限元模型,将定子铁心、绕组按等质量法解析,计算定子铁心的固有频率,并分析了其谐响应,发现在568.84 Hz频率下定子振动位移最大,当电机激振力频率与其接近时,电机噪声显著增大,电机空载噪声频谱分析试验结果表明,该模型具有较高的准确性。基于该模型研究了定子轭不同材料属性、定子齿宽、轭厚和定子铁心轴向长度对固有频率变化的影响。