有限元法在船舶检验工作中的应用

文章以江苏省船舶检验局审图并检验的最大散货船——32000DWT散货船为例,总结了有限元法在船舶检验工作中的应用,并提出了注意事项。     

Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

Strength analysis of fillet welds under longitudinal and transverse shear conditions

In support of the development of improved fillet weld sizing criteria for lightweight shipboard structures, a comprehensive static strength test program using longitudinal and transverse shear specimens according to AWS B4.0 Standards has been conducted. This test program covers base material with strength ranging from 71 ksi (490 MPa) to 96 ksi (660 MPa) and weld size ranging from 1/8″ (3 mm) to 3/8″ (10 mm). This paper focuses on a traction stress based analysis of the test data as an effort to establish a unified shear strength definition for load-carrying fillet weld specimens regardless of shear loading conditions. The proposed shear strength definition proves to be effective in correlating the fillet weld strength test data of the longitudinal and transverse shear specimens. The results of this investigation demonstrate that existing shear strength definitions used by various weld sizing criteria such as those given by Class Societies have two major limitations: (1) it cannot be related to a critical stress state on experimentally observed failure plane in transverse shear specimens; (2) it underestimates shear stress at failure due to severe stress concentration at weld end in typical longitudinal shear specimens. These two limitations have been shown to be the major cause for having two significantly different shear strength values: one is transverse shear strength obtained from transverse shear specimens and the other is longitudinal shear strength obtained from longitudinal shear specimens.     

高速铁路接触网非工作支平腕臂变形原因分析及措施

时速300km及以上的高速铁路接触网采用铝合金腕臂,实际工程应用中出现了非工作支平腕臂变形现象,有必要分析其原因并采取措施。以某高速铁路为例,结合接触网主要技术参数,从铝合金热处理、应力释放、工差配合、施工工序等理论方面分析可能导致腕臂变形的原因;将变形腕臂模型化为简支梁结构,校验腕臂的强度;建立转换柱的几何模型,采用ANSYS有限元分析方法,计算关键节点的变形量。采用上述两种方法校验的结果表明:设计采用的结构能满足腕臂挠度不大于1%的要求。为了加强铝合金腕臂的整体强度,避免由于材料加工制造、施工安装等方面原因造成腕臂挠度超标现象,结合现场试验,采取增设腕臂支撑措施。     

FEM分析在发动机气门摇臂设计中的应用

在发动机进排气门摇臂的设计开发初期,通过FEM分析软件ANSYS,对摇臂的结构强度进行分析,确保产品的结构强度满足发动机的使用要求;同时,也证明了利用CAE分析技术在新产品虚拟样机分析和产品改进设计中所起到的巨大作用,是传统设计方法无法比拟和替代的,必将在今后产品研发中发挥更大的作用。     

接触网腕臂结构系统动力学分析

根据实际工况建立接触网腕臂结构系统的有限元模型。利用有限元法对此模型进行受力分析,校核其静强度、静刚度。建立腕臂结构系统的动力学模型,通过模态分析得出模型的前10阶固有频率及振型,并通过谐响应分析计算在外载荷的影响下结构的共振频率。通过对腕臂结构系统的动力学分析,得出在外载荷作用下,整体结构系统不会发生共振现象,与实际工程项目相符,为工程实际提供理论支持。     

新型轨检小车整体车架结构设计与分析

基于传统T型轨检小车车架存在着装配繁琐、稳定性不足、刚度差的缺点,设计一种新的Y型车架结构,该车架的主体结构采用一体成型技术,整体重心降低45mm,提高装配效率与使用寿命的同时使轨检小车在推行过程中稳定性更好。通过对新Y型车架横梁连接螺栓的强度校核,验证其螺栓连接的可靠性,并根据新Y型与传统T型车架的ANSYS Workbench有限元分析结果得出,新Y型车架刚度显著提高。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a tanker side panel laterally punched by a knife edge indenter

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale stiffened plate specimen quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter, in order to examine its energy absorbing mechanisms and fracture. The specimen, scaled from a tanker side panel, is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship side panels during collision accidents. Moreover, the results of this investigation should have relevance to evaluate grounding scenarios in which the bottom sustains local penetration. This is possible since the structural arrangement of the double hull and the double bottom of tanker vessels is very similar. The experimentally obtained force–displacement response and shape of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The numerical analysis includes aspects of particular relevance to the behaviour of ship structures subjected to accidental loads which could give rise to difficulties in interpreting finite element calculations. In particular, the paper comments on the material nonlinearities, the importance of specifying the precise boundary conditions and the joining details of the structure. The considerable practical importance of these aspects has been the focus of attention in previous publications of the authors which evaluate the experimental-numerical impact response of simple ship structural components, such as beams and plates. Therefore, this paper uses the definitions proposed in those references to evaluate its applicability in the scaled tanker side panel, as an example of a more complex ship structure.     

利用负载磁场法求解永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗

永磁同步电动机电抗参数的准确计算对于电机性能分析与电机优化设计是至关重要的。介绍了一种基于电机任意运行工况下,利用有限元法求解永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗Xaq、Xad以及永磁体空载感应电压E0的方法。基于有限元法计算非线性负载磁场得出内感应电压Eδ和内功率角δi,进而推导得出Xad、Xaq和E0。并将此方法应用于求解一台额定功率630k W的船用表贴式永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗。     

复合加筋格宾挡墙不同加筋方式数值模拟研究

介绍了复合加筋格宾挡墙的单元组成及结构形式。采用FLAC3D深入研究了复合加筋格宾挡墙的力学响应,探讨了不同面板形式、不同加筋方式时墙面侧向变形和筋材拉力的分布规律,提出了复合加筋的最佳加筋方式。研究结果表明：加筋方式对面墙侧向位移的影响较大,交替加筋比分组加筋有更小的面墙侧向位移;保持加筋间距不变而减小加筋刚度比增大加筋层间距而增大筋材刚度更可取;在交替加筋的同时沿墙高适当减小加筋刚度可节省筋材费用。面墙形式、筋材布置方式对筋材拉力的大小和分布形式有重要影响。