薄壁空心高墩施工阶段温度效应有限元分析

文章采用MIDAS软件对拉会大桥110m薄壁空心墩施工阶段的水化热温度效应进行了有限元分析。分析结果表明,水化热作用下桥墩温度呈现先升后降的变化规律,墩壁中心最高水化热温度超过70℃,墩壁中心和外壁温度差最大在25℃左右;经过温度升降变化后,墩壁内外表面上均残余有一定的拉应力。分析结果对于结构温度裂缝的控制有参考作用。     

Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.     

Hydrodynamics of a body floating in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. Part 2. Diffraction problem and wave-induced motions

A linearized two-dimensional diffraction problem in a two-layer fluid of finite depth was solved for a general floating body and relevant wave-induced motions were studied. In a two-layer fluid, for a prescribed frequency, incident waves propagate with two different wave modes. Thus the wave-exciting forces and resulting motions must be computed separately for each mode of the incident wave. The boundary integral equation method developed by the authors in the Part-1 article was applied to directly obtain the diffraction potential (pressure) on the body surface. With the computed results, an investigation was carried out on the effects of the fluid density ratio and the interface position on the wave-exciting forces on the body and the motions of the body, including the case in which the body intersects the interface. By a systematic derivation using Green's theorem, all the possible reciprocity relations were derived theoretically in explicit forms for a system of finite depth; these relations were confirmed to be satisfied numerically with very good accuracy. Experiments were also carried out using water and isoparaffin oil as the two fluids and a Lewis-form body. Measured results for the sway- and heave-exciting forces and the heave motion were compared with the computed results, and a favorable agreement was found.     

汽车用拼焊板国内外研究进展

综述了汽车用拼焊板在国内外所取得的研究成果。阐述了目前影响拼焊板成型性能的因素;归纳了提高拼焊板成型能力的工艺方法;针对拼焊板焊缝建模复杂性问题,介绍了有限元仿真技术研究现状。对拼焊板在上述3个方面存在的问题及其应深入研究的方向进行了探讨。     

曲轴动态应力模拟及多轴疲劳计算

建立了某4缸柴油机曲轴轴系和主轴承座的有限元模型,采用EXCITE软件对曲轴轴系和连杆活塞组进行了多柔体的动态仿真,模拟了不同转速工况下曲轴随曲柄转角变化的动态应力。对曲轴动态应力结果进行了多轴疲劳计算,校核了不同运转工况下曲轴的疲劳安全系数,解决了弯扭耦合与多子系统交叉耦合时整体曲轴疲劳可靠性计算的难题。     

无缝线路稳定性分析有限元模型

利用有限元法建立包含钢轨、扣件、轨枕和道床阻力为一体的轨道框架模型。研究在温度力作用下无缝线路的臌曲失稳问题。推导相应的数值计算公式并编制了计算程序。轨道框架模型由4种单元组成：用考虑钢轨非线性变形的平面梁单元代表钢轨；无几何尺寸的两结点弹簧单元模拟钢轨扣件；弹性基础上的普通平面梁单元表示轨枕；弹簧单元模拟道床的横向、纵向阻力，并考虑了道床阻力的非线性特性。运用该模型，分析道床横向阻力、轨枕失效、曲线半径和线路初始弯曲对无缝线路稳定性的影响，得到不同工况下钢轨横向位移-温度曲线、钢轨内应力分布及钢轨和轨枕的横向变形分布曲线。     

西部地区公路货运周转量可拓聚类预测

文章以可拓聚类的原理和一般预测过程为依据,结合我国西部地区公路货运周转量预测的特点,在分析国外先进经验的基础上,完成对西部地区公路货运周转量的预测。基于GDP和进出口总额的公路货运周转量可拓聚类预测,以区间的形式表示。可以相对减少对单纯点的数值预测的局限性和误差,当给定一个未来环境因素时,可以判定出公路货运周转量变化的类型,从而预测未来公路货运周转量的变化范围,得到预测结果是可行的。     

浅埋连拱隧道实体中墙设计荷载研究

文章以某高速公路20座连拱隧道为工程背景,采用有限元法分别对Ⅱ～Ⅳ类三种围岩、四种埋深、三种施工方法的整体式直中墙连拱隧道施工全过程进行了数值模拟分析,得出了施工全过程中墙内力的变化规律及影响因素,并在此基础上提出了连拱隧道的中墙厚度数据,为设计提供参考。     

基坑群开挖对近接运营地铁隧道隆沉变形的影响研究

文章以深圳地铁车公庙枢纽工程为例,研究了受基坑群开挖影响的近接运营地铁隧道的隆沉变形规律及其变位控制措施。为了达到控制既有隧道及轨道结构变位的目的,通过方案优化、理论分析和数值模拟等研究手段,根据结构变位分配原理,制定了基坑群施工各步序轨道结构的变形控制标准。受基坑开挖卸载效应的影响,近接既有隧道具有明显的变位叠加效应,其中基坑开挖卸载和降水是影响结构变形控制的关键步序。基坑降水对控制下卧隧道隆起变形是有利因素,但紧邻侧方位基坑降水对控制结构水平变形是不利因素,因此在设计和施工中应综合考虑地下结构不同方向变位基准来制定合理的降水措施。实测结果表明,基坑群开挖过程中既有地铁轨道结构变形满足控制标准要求,验证了变形控制基准的合理性和工程措施的有效性。     

艇体变形对轴系校中的影响

艇体变形是影响轴系校中质量的重要因素,以深水潜器为研究对象,通过建立潜器的三维有限元模型,提出利用弹簧约束调节潜器重力与浮力平衡的方法,分析潜器处于正浮状态时,在重力、浮力和静水压力作用下的艇体变形,得出潜器轴系各个轴承的位移数据,并分析轴承位移造成的轴承负荷变化。为艇体变形影响下的潜器轴系校中提供依据。分析结果表明：耐压艇体内的轴承位移要小于耐压艇体外,支撑轴承的艇体结构的差异会导致轴承位移大小的不同,从而导致各个轴承负荷变化也不一样,艇内液舱的不对称布置会导致位于该液舱上轴承产生较大的横向位移和横向轴承负荷。