长大连续坡道梯形轨道垂向动力学性能研究

梯形轨枕轨道是一种纵向轨枕轨道系统,轨枕由PC纵梁和横向钢管联接杆件构成。国内外城市轨道系统铺设梯形轨道的应用结果表明,梯形轨枕可大幅度提高对列车荷重的分散能力,且具有良好的减振和降噪性能。根据梯形轨枕轨道结构特点建立弹性地基梁-板模型,利用有限元方法计算在不同列车运行速度和不同坡度情况下梯形轨枕轨道系统的垂向动力响应,对在线路长、落差高的长大连续坡道上铺设梯形轨道的垂向稳定性进行论证。计算结果表明长大连续坡道上梯形轨枕垂向动力响应符合标准,可以在城市轨道交通的长大连续坡道区段铺设。     

CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道脱空状态对结构模态的影响

以CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道作为研究对象,运用有限元软件ANSYS,建立有限元梁体模型,对轨道板不同脱空长度的轨道结构进行模态分析,为轨道结构的损伤识别提供理论指导。计算结果表明:随着轨道板脱空长度的增加,轨道结构的同阶固有频率减小;振型的波峰逐渐向脱空区域移动,在脱空区域轨道板的垂向位移增大,轨道板与凸台分离明显。     

Application of a genetic algorithm to the optimal structural design of a ship's engine room taking dynamic constraints into consideration

The genetic algorithm, known as GA, is used to optimize engine room structure, not only under static constraints, but also under dynamic constraints. A penalty function method is used to handle the complicated constraint conditions based on the numerical results of dynamic and static analyses. There are several ways to take the dynamic effect into account in the optimum design of ship structure. First, the inequality constraint condition is applied to separate the natural frequency and the exciting frequency. Second, generalized design variables are introduced in order to transfer not only the dynamic but also the static equilibrium equations into the equality constraints, resulting in the optimal structural design without the need to solve these equilibrium equations. Third, the magnitudes of the acceleration and displacement are constrained instead of applying the natural frequency constraint condition. In order to achieve better convergency in the optimization with least resources, several operators and methods are considered and then introduced into the structural design of the engine room. The new operator, called either objective elitism or fitness elitism, is introduced to improve the efficiency of the method. The effect of boundary mutation and nonuniform mutation on the performance of the GA is examined. Not only binary representation but also floating-point representation are used to express the design gene in the GA. Fuzzy theory is applied in the GA to handle the uncertainty of the constraint conditions. Two ways of solving fuzzy optimization are investigated in order to obtain a fuzzy solution and a crisp solution. Received: October 2, 2000 / Accepted: November 30, 2000     

冰-水相变对寒区隧道动态温度场影响研究

为了揭示冰-水相变对寒区隧道动态温度场的影响,通过建立隧道有限元模型,对比分析考虑相变与否两种情况下隧道温度场的动态变化,研究隧道在内部气温变化作用下的冰-水相变发展过程。研究表明:围岩内部温度随深度增加而升高,年变化幅度逐渐减小,变化相位逐渐滞后;考虑冰-水相变后,隧道温度场年动态变化过程改变较大,温度年变化幅度显著减小;在外界低温的作用下,主洞与导洞部位均有结冰现象,衬砌和围岩内部在1月份开始结冰,4月份之后完全冻结区消失,仅在衬砌和围岩存在冰水混合区,至7月份完全解冻,解冻后重新冻结的月份为10月份,之后冻结范围逐渐扩大,全年冻结发展最快的时间为11月份。     

高强钢在非公路自卸车上装轻量化中的应用

本文从上装质量、强度、成本等方面对高强钢在非公路自卸上装轻量化中的使用优势进行对比分析,并以非公路上装底板总成为例进行简单的有限元分析以论证高强钢的使用效果。     

复杂环境下地铁暗挖车站双侧壁导坑法支撑体系优化

重庆轨道交通10号线工程渝北广场站为大断面暗挖隧道,车站位于重庆市区繁华地段,为保证车站隧道的安全施工以及邻近既有建筑结构的安全,对暗挖隧道开挖施工方案进行优化设计。采用Midas GTS有限元数值软件,对弧形壁(原双侧壁)和直壁法(双侧壁)开挖方案进行全过程动态模拟,结合监控量测数据,综合对比分析隧道变形和支护结构内力。结果表明,本工程地质条件下,采用直壁法施工方案切实可行,研究成果可为类似地质条件中大断面隧道施工方案的优化设计和最终决策提供参考。     

IEC60870-5-103规约在电气化铁路微机馈线保护装置中应用的研究

首先简要介绍了103通信规约,然后在分析研究了微机馈线保护装置硬件结构的基础上,重点论述了基于以太网的103规约的实现方案,并提出了一种有限状态机的软件设计方法以实现103规约的软件编程.     

Near surface deformation of rails and wheels in a curve and during acceleration and braking

A hierarchical concept for describing the rolling/sliding contact of a wheel on a rail is proposed, which is developed to model the near surface deformation of the contacting partners depending on the vehicle system dynamics. In principal the vehicle dynamics simulation delivers the input for a static finite element model for the elastic-plastic rolling/sliding contact investigation. To include also more realistic rough surfaces in the calculations, which is absolutely necessary to predict the highly deformed surface layer as observed in wheels and rails, a further refinement of the mesh is necessary and performed. The output values of the static finite element model are now boundary conditions for the finite element micro-model. The results of this micro-model correspond well with the micro-structural investigations of wheel and rail surfaces.     

基于有限元分析的某轿车座椅静力学分析

汽车座椅是汽车舒适性的重要保障。文章通过建立座椅的骨架模型,利用ANSYS Workbench(AWB)中的静力学模块,得到了对靠背、坐垫以及头枕的有限元分析。针对座椅靠背连接件(即头枕、背靠和坐垫)仿真结果表明:座椅各部分的结构强度符合要求,座椅的安全性能能够得到保障。     

电动助力转向器轴结构优化设计

为对电动助力转向器轴结构进行优化设计,针对其工作特性,提出三种轴结构,分别对其进行三维建模,将模型导入ANSYS Workbench软件中进行有限元分析,分析结果显示,扁方四面轴结构的强度最高,即为最优结构。