大跨度无碴轨道混凝土连续梁桥的施工计算及徐变变形研究

混凝土的收缩徐变会引起混凝土连续梁桥不断上拱或下挠。当前国内在建高速铁路中许多混凝土连续梁桥将采用无碴轨道,其可调性很小,必须控制铺轨后的徐变变形（后期徐变变形）。对几种常用规范的混凝土徐变系数影响因素、计算公式进行了对比研究,并以武广客运专线上一座（70＋125＋70）m混凝土连续梁桥为例,模拟整个施工过程按几个常用规范对该桥进行对比分析计算,研究了混凝土的收缩徐变对桥梁变形和截面应力的影响。计算结果显示,混凝土的收缩徐变引起的桥梁后期徐变变形不可忽视;根据不同规范计算得出的桥梁后期徐变变形差别较大。     

白果渡嘉陵江大桥徐变仿真分析

利用金属蠕变理论推导了混凝土徐变的计算公式。在对ANSYS进行二次开发的基础上,以金属蠕变代替混凝土的徐变,编制了徐变的计算程序,实现了对白果渡嘉陵江大桥成桥30 a的徐变仿真分析,实现方法和得出的结论可供参考。     

沥青高温流变评价指标对比

为了有效评价沥青混合料的高温抗变形性能,应用旋转粘度试验、动态剪切流变试验与重复蠕变试验,测试了粘度、车辙因子与蠕变模型参数,利用伯格斯模型对高温蠕变试验数据进行了拟合,结合沥青混合料高温车辙试验结果,分析了3种高温流变指标与沥青混合料高温性能的相关性。分析结果表明:车辙因子在评价改性沥青混合料高温性能时并不适用,模型参数与沥青混合料动稳定度的相关性最大,达到0.9887,说明蠕变参数可以准确地反映各种沥青混合料的高温抗变形性能。     

巴东长江大桥主梁C60高性能混凝土的研究与应用

针对巴东长江公路大桥预应力主梁施工,研究了粉煤灰、矿粉对C60高性能混凝土拌和物性能、力学性能、长期变形性能和耐久性的影响。试验结果表明,采用适量粉煤灰或矿粉运用缓凝高效减水剂双掺技术配制的C60高性能混凝土具有良好的工作性能、较高的早期强度和高抗冻性,且降低了混凝土的长期收缩和徐变变形,提高了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性。C60粉煤灰高性能混凝土在巴东长江公路大桥边主梁上得到了成功应用。     

桥梁线形控制中徐变变形的一种计算方法

对于大跨径混凝土连续刚构桥的施工监控,线形的控制主要集中在预拱度的设置上,而预设拱度又与桥梁结构的变形计算紧密相连。其中,混凝土徐变变形是很难计算准确的,因而从理论上建立了一个计算这种徐变变形的理论计算公式,其计算结果与其它方法的计算结果基本一致,优点是计算简单准确。     

崔家营汉江特大桥主梁合龙控制分析

汉十高铁崔家营汉江特大桥主桥为(135+2×300+135)m四跨连续刚构拱桥。为实现该桥的精确合龙,考虑混凝土收缩徐变效应、温度效应、合龙段钢束荷载作用,采用MIDAS Civil建立该桥有限元模型,并结合施工现场试顶实测数据,研究主梁合龙时桥墩墩顶偏位及对顶力,进行合龙控制。结果表明,混凝土收缩徐变效应、降温效应、合龙段钢束荷载作用对桥墩墩顶偏位的影响方向一致,叠加后对墩身受力较为不利;对顶过程实测墩顶偏位约为理论计算值70%,需对控制偏位、对顶力进行修正;考虑结构实际刚度偏大,最终对顶控制墩顶偏位取理论计算值的80%以进行合龙控制,对比可知,墩顶实测偏位与控制偏位最大偏差为3.6%,成桥线形与预期吻合较好。     

Effect of curved track support failure on vehicle derailment

In order to investigate the effect of curved track support failure on railway vehicle derailment, a coupled vehicle–track dynamic model is put forward. In the model, the vehicle and the structure under rails are, respectively, modelled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modelled with a Timoshenko beam rested on the discrete sleepers. The lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the beam are taken into account. The model also considers the effect of the discrete support by sleepers on the coupling dynamics of the vehicle and track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. In the calculation of the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, the normal forces of the wheels/rails are calculated using the Hertzian contact theory and their creep forces are determined with the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al [Z.Y. Shen, J.K. Hedrick, and J.A. Elkins, A comparison of alternative creep-force models for rail vehicle dynamic analysis, Proceedings of the 8th IAVSD Symposium, Cambridge, MA, 1984, pp. 591–605]. The motion equations of the vehicle/track are solved by means of an explicit integration method. The failure of the components of the curved track is simulated by changing the track stiffness and damping along the track. The cases where zero to six supports of the curved rails fail are considered. The transient derailment coefficients are calculated. They are, respectively, the ratio of the wheel/rail lateral force to the vertical force and the wheel load reduction. The contact points of the wheels/rails are in detail analysed and used to evaluate the risk of the vehicle derailment. Also, the present work investigates the effect of friction coefficient, axle load and vehicle speed on the derailments under the condition of track failure. The numerical results obtained indicate that the failure of track supports has a great influence on the whole vehicle running safety.     

天津港典型软粘土蠕变试验研究

为了掌握天津港软粘土的蠕变特性,为码头设计和岸坡变形整治工作提供技术参考,对天津港典型的淤泥质粘土和粉质粘土进行蠕变试验研究,通过现场采样及室内试验,得出了基于Singh-Mitchell模型的淤泥质粘土和粉质粘土蠕变参数,由此确定的蠕变模型计算结果与试验测量值吻合较好,可以应用于实际工程中。     

天津港岸坡土体蠕变对高桩码头的影响

岸坡土体的变形将导致高桩码头桩顶变位,影响桩帽与横梁之间的搭接,使得码头结构处于危险之中,蠕变则是形成土体变形的原因之一。以天津港高桩码头为例,分析了高桩码头的桩顶变位特征,对岸坡土体进行了蠕变特性试验,利用试验结果参数进行了结构与土相互作用的蠕变变形计算。结果表明,蠕变是影响桩基侧向变形的一个重要因素,岸坡土体蠕变主要分布在坡顶下方淤泥质粘土和坡面的淤泥层,蠕变随时间增长而增长,但增长速率降低。相关结论可为天津港和类似高桩码头的检测评估及加固提供指导。