国Ⅳ SCR发动机瞬态循环下NH_3泄漏特性研究

对6台采用SCR后处理技术的国Ⅳ排放水平的发动机进行了瞬态ETC测试,分析其NH3泄漏特性。研究发现:低速时发动机反拖及小负荷工况下的NH_2泄漏量较大;高速时NH_3泄漏量较大,且随着负荷的增大呈现增大的趋势;排温突然升高或降低都可能导致NH_3泄漏。     

运输液氨船舶的装卸作业管理

文章通过分析液氨的危险特性，提出对运载液氨船舶在装卸作业时的安全注意事项和监督检查内容，对海事现场监管有一定的作用。     

一种新型微砂沉淀处理工艺在河道水处理中的应用

将微砂高效沉淀处理工艺应用于上海某河道水处理中。该套微砂沉淀处理装置采用一体化处理工艺,主要包括混凝区、絮凝熟化区、沉淀区和微砂循环与分离系统四个组成部分。工程中采用2套微砂沉淀处理装置,总处理规模2万m3/d。实现结果表明,该种新型微砂沉淀处理对河道水处理的效果是明显的。在实验观察的时间段内,COD、氨氮和TP的去除效果分别达到27.5%、58.8%和42.5%。然而,氨氮的去除很可能伴随着硝态氮的产生,对总氮的去除增益不大。     

铵油炸药混装车的罐体设计

针对多孔粒硝酸铵的特殊特性，介绍了铵油炸药混装车的罐体结构设计计算及利用SolidWorks软件对罐体进行强度校核的过程。校核结果表明，设计的罐体能够满足车辆安全高效运输的使用要求。     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.     

氨燃料发动机研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了氨的理化及燃烧特性,分析了国内外氨燃料发动机的发展历程和研究现状,研究了氨燃料发动机在技术可行性、推广应用基础、节能环保、能源安全等方面的优势,进一步讨论了氨燃料发动机在今后发展中所面临的挑战及应对策略,并指明了氨燃料发动机的发展趋势.     

单一基质快滤系统处理生活污水的研究

结合城市污水处理及快滤系统基质研究现状,通过试验室建立模拟土柱,对各单一基质材料处理污水效果进行试验研究。结果表明：陶粒、沸石、炉渣、蛭石、草炭这5种单一基质材料中,去除化学需氧量（ COD）的能力由强到弱依次为炉渣、蛭石、沸石、陶粒、草炭,去除氨氮的能力由强到弱依次为炉渣、蛭石、陶粒、沸石、草炭。对各种基质材料出水pH值进行监测,发现陶粒显碱性,草炭显酸性,且各基质材料出水的溶解氧浓度由高到低依次为炉渣、蛭石、草炭、沸石、陶粒。     

氨水改性活性炭的制备及其对苯酚吸附性能的研究

以活性炭为载体,10%的氨水溶液为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性.利用比表面积测定法、SEM及Boehm滴定法表征了氨水改性活性炭的表面理化性质.以苯酚废水为处理对象,分别考察了吸附时间、pH值、活性炭投加量及苯酚废水的初始浓度对改性活性炭去除苯酚效果的影响.结果表明:活性炭经氨水改性后,表面多处塌陷,比表面积是未改性活性炭的1.057倍,表面酸性官能团含量降低,是未改性活性炭的0.421倍.在吸附时间为6h时,活性炭对苯酚的吸附均已达到平衡,改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附量为152.763mg/g,比未改性活性炭的吸附量提高了66%;氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的去除率随着pH值升高而降低,在pH值为6～7时,去除率达到61%;随着活性炭投加量的增加,溶液中的苯酚含量越来越少;随着苯酚废水初始浓度的提高,氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的去除率逐渐降低;Freundlich和Langmuir二种等温线模型均能较好的反应活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为,其中Freundlich模型更为理想.