船—冰碰撞几何概率计算方法及影响因素研究

文章以特定海域内的典型航道作为研究对象,基于二维连续型随机变量的概率理论,并结合航天工程中复合体的概念,建立了船—冰碰撞几何概率计算的数学模型;同时应用Matlab编制了相关程序,计算了船—冰碰撞的几何概率;最后分析了船舶和浮冰尺寸以及船舶分布函数中的相关参数对于几何碰撞概率的影响,揭示了几何碰撞概率与各个参数之间的关系.     

基于人机工程的船舶驾驶室设计评估

船舶驾驶室的设计质量直接影响航行安全、作战能力、团队作业效率和船员身心健康等问题。为了提高我国船舶驾驶室的设计质量,从人机工程的角度建立了驾驶室多属性数学设计评估模型,开发了驾驶室数字化设计评估软件。实例研究表明,提出的设计评估方法能够精确客观地测量和计算各参数的设计优劣。在驾驶室设计阶段可进行交互式的设计与评估,缩短开发周期,并通过数据库追溯评估过程,发现设计缺陷并进行改进,指导驾驶室设计方案的优化和筛选工作。     

Missing the tide? Workplace cultural differences as a barrier to seafarer mobility in the U.S. workboat and sail training sectors

ABSTRACT

While previous research details the psychological and social benefits of sail training programs for amateur ‘trainees,’ much less is known about the value and transferability of sail training work experience in terms of professional development for seafaring careers. This article reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on sail training and presents the findings of a qualitative study of maritime recruiter perceptions at 10 U.S. flag workboat companies. Results suggest that the maritime industry may benefit from an improved understanding of the role that sail training programs and the sail training community can play in training and inspiring the next generation of motivated and professional seafarers. Workboat recruiters see positive and negative aspects of sail training experience and perceive cultural divides within the maritime industry that may affect a seafarers’ job mobility, whether or not such divides actually exist.     

海船船员适任评估体制的优化简析

分析了新版<中华人民共和国海船船员适任评估大纲和规范>实施以来存在的问题,以提高海船船员素质为出发点,以优化海船船员适任评估体制为导向,对存在的问题提出了几点措施与建议.     

高速排水型船舶方尾条件的数值实现

讨论了高速排水型船舶的方尾条件.给出了方尾条件的若干改进形式,其中一种在数值实现方尾条件时显得更加有效和稳定.采用高阶面元法得到的高速船舶相应的兴波计算数值结果令人鼓舞.     

破损船体总纵弯曲强度的修正等值梁法

破损船体破口处存在应力集中,等值梁法不能解决破口应力集中问题。用有限元法研究了船底加筋板格破口的应力分布规律,分析了在矩形、尖角矩形、圆形三种典型破口下的应力集中系数,将破口的应力集中系数分解为平板应力集中系数和骨材作用系数,根据它们的递变规律,提出应力集中系数的一种简化的算法;考虑破口的初始应变和破口进入非弹性阶段后材料的非线性,对破口弹性应力集中系数进行修正并拟合了修正公式;最后提出了采用等值梁法求船底基准应力,结合破口的应力集中系数和破口应力分布规律来计算破损船体总纵强度的方法,对等值梁法的计算结果进行修正,使破损船体强度校核更加真实可靠。算例表明该方法简单可行且具有较好的精度。     

波浪中并靠两船运动计算

文章用切片理论的二维格林函数法求取流场速度势,用线性弹簧取代系缆和碰垫,解并靠两船的联立运动方程,得到了两船在规则波中的各自由度运动幅值,用谱分析法得出两船在不规则海浪中运动的统计规律.     

Technology development for environmentally sound ships of the 21st century: an international perspective

Around the world, ships operating in the 21st century tury will be expected tomeet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Many governments have comprehensive shipboard pollution abatement programs under way that will enable ships of the 21st century to be environmentally sound. The goal is for ships to operate worldwide with minimal potential for regulatory constraints, without inappropriate dependence on shore facilities, and without unreasonable costs imposed by environmental regulations. The following is the basic strategy: Design and operate ships to minimize emissions and waste generation while optimizing waste management, and develop shipboard systems that will destroy or appropriately treat the wastes generated on board. If wastes are unavoidable and cannot be destroyed or retained on board for recycling ashore, they must be sufficiently treated so that overboard discharges are considered environmentally insignificant. Although the ultimate solution for onboard destruction has not been achieved for any shipboard waste stream, considerable progress has been made toward developing onboard capabilities for treating or rrocessing solid wastes, oily wastes, hazardous materials, and medical wastes. Satisfactory interim or long-term solutions are being sought for blackwater and graywater treatment. International cooperative efforts directed toward achieving environmentally sound ships are under way among governments to share information and technologies, and to save time and money. Presented at the International Conference on Technologies for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995.     

现代高速舰船推进主机的选择研究

高速和中速柴油机都可作为高速舰船的动力,近年来高速机的应用在不断增加。本文从尺寸、重量、集装性、航速范围、加速性和推进性能等方面对两类机型进行讨论,为高速舰船主机的选择提供比较的视角。     

关于涉外海事调查工作方面几个问题的探讨

目前我国在涉外海事调查工作的许多方面和IMO的要求还有一定差距,存在一些问题。文章指出法律上在“海事”定义内涵、分级标准、调查目的方面,实践工作中在工作职能、调查官资格、工作程序等方面存在的问题,并作了简单的探讨。