低速电动汽车NVH性能测试与分析

在整车开发环节中,需要保证车辆具有良好的NVH性能。针对某电动汽车样车的振动噪声问题,对车内噪声水平及电机、减速器、差速器等声振特性进行测试;采用阶次跟踪分析法识别出车内主要的振动噪声源;提出了相应的减振降噪措施。     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.     

基于响应面法的双前桥转向机构参数优化

针对某重型双前桥转向汽车轮胎磨损严重的问题,运用Adams/View建立了该型汽车双前桥转向机构的运动学模型,对其进行了运动学及转向性能仿真分析。针对第二桥车轮实际转角与理想转角之间差异较大的问题,采用灵敏度分析的方法,找出对转角差异影响较大的因子,在Adams/Insight中,使用响应面分析方法,对双前桥转向机构的参数进行了优化。对比优化前后的转角差异可知,实际转角与理想转角之间的差异得到了有效控制,从而降低了轮胎的磨损。     

基于ST-MRF的自适应车辆跟踪算法研究

可靠的车辆跟踪是实现交通事件自动检测的重要前提,车辆跟踪中的车辆相互遮挡则是影响车辆跟踪结果的关键因素.为了解决这一难题,文中提出一种基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法.在ST-MRF模型中,把图像分成块,将相邻图像间的块通过它们的矢量联系起来,建立运动序列图像的时空马尔可夫随机场模型并且构造其相应的能量耗费函数,然后利用松弛算法实现目标地图最小化能量计算,从而解决车辆跟踪中的遮挡问题.实验结果表明,跟踪不遮挡的车辆时达到的跟踪成功率为95%,遮挡情况时成功率也可达到91%.通过实验得出以下结论:基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法能在交通量比较大,且车辆出现相互遮挡的情况下,能较准确地获得车辆跟踪数据.为以后的交通事件检测提供重要的数据基础.     

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随着城市中心商业区的快速发展,其造成的城市交通拥堵已经成为影响居民出行和城市发展的严重障碍.本文以城市中心商业区的混合交通流为研究对象,建立了基于动态分配的交通流诱导优化模型.首先,基于总体费用函数的路径选择概率对城市中心商业区的交通流进行动态交通分配.然后,根据分配结果确定拥堵路段,据此给出不同交通诱导措施,再应用所建模型选择最佳方案.最后,采用VISSIM交通仿真软件,对天津市滨江道商业区的混合交通流进行动态仿真,并针对不同的交通诱导措施,应用所建模型对诱导方案进行仿真和评价,确定最优方案,从而有效地减少交通拥堵.     

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为提高通勤者使用公交出行的比例,有效缓解城市交通拥堵,对应用智能公交系统数据(Advanced Public Transportation Systems,APTS)获得公交通勤出行需求的方法进行研究.采集APTS数据,通过对公交IC卡数据和智能调度系统数据的关联获得公交乘客的上车站点信息.根据早、晚高峰的出行频率判断公交通勤乘客,利用通勤出行的时间和空间特征确定居住地点和工作地点.以此基本思路,提出公交卡乘客通勤OD分布估计算法,并应用海量APTS系统数据对算法进行了试验和分析.最后,通过与基于"出行链"的方法进行比较,分析了算法的精度.本文提出的方法具有精度高、可操作性强的优点,为快速、经济地获取公交通勤OD分布提供了一种新的途径.     

Experimental study on flow structure of a swirling non-premixed syngas flame

The development of integrated gasification combined cycle（IGCC） systems provides cost-effective and environmentally sound options for meeting the future coal-utilizing power generation needs in the world.The combustion of gasified coal fuel significantly influences overall performance of IGCC power generation.Experiments are performed to investigate the characteristics of syngas swirling flame using the particle image velocimetry （PIV） in this paper.With the increase of CO/H₂ molar ratio,the distance between the nozzle and the fuel vortex in flame increases at first,and then reduces slowly;maximum of the axial mean velocity increases continuously, but the axial mean velocity peaks on the side of centerline change little.The experiment indicates that with the increase of fuel to air velocity ratio,the fuel vortex grows up at first,and then becomes thinner;the distance from the fuel vortex to the nozzle reduces at first,and then increases;inner boundary of the recirculating zone increases. Furthermore,difference between the methane swirling flow field and the syngas swirling one is analyzed in this paper.It can establish the benchmarks for the development and validation of combustion numerical simulation by the data from this experiment.