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11.
本文以螯虾细小神经轴突为标本,成功地应用双玻璃微电极进行细胞内刺激与电活动的记录。观察了细小神经轴突膜电生理和物理特性参数。钾离子通道特异性阻滞剂4—氨基吡啶,使Weiss式中常数b值显著减少;a值无明显变化;膜静息电位去极化;阈电位水平上移;动作电位幅值、锋电位时程、膜电阻和膜时间常数均有显著意义的增加。结果提示:4—氨基吡啶可提高膜的应激性,对神经膜兴奋性无明显影响;生物膜应激性及膜电阻的变化与钾通道的活动状态有密切关系。 相似文献
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介绍了一个用于现代物流业的位置服务系统LTLBS,并着重就系统设计中的关键技术和与现代物流业有关的问题进行了分析。针对现代物流的特殊应用,在LTLBS中设计了一些特殊的功能,如货物跟踪,到达时间估计等。系统的性能分析表明定位精度和数据传输时延完全满足要求。 相似文献
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GPS一机多天线技术在公路边坡灾害监测中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章主要介绍了GPS一机多天线监测系统及其在公路边坡变形监测中的实际应用情况,通过实践可以证明:GPS一机多天线监测系统的定位精度可以达到3~5mm,与常规的GPS静态相对定位的精度相当,同时能够大大降低GPS监测系统的成本,使得公路边坡灾害监测能够实现高精度、自动化和全天候等目标。 相似文献
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Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future. 相似文献
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In this research, a Bayesian network (BN) approach is proposed to model the car use behavior of drivers by time of day and to analyze its relationship with driver and car characteristics. The proposed BN model can be categorized as a tree-augmented naive (TAN) Bayesian network. A latent class variable is included in this model to describe the unobserved heterogeneity of drivers. Both the structure and the parameters are learned from the dataset, which is extracted from GPS data collected in Toyota City, Japan. Based on inferences and evidence sensitivity analysis using the estimated TAN model, the effects of each single observed characteristic on car use measures are tested and found to be significant. The features of each category of the latent class are also analyzed. By testing the effect of each car use measure on every other measure, it is found that the correlations between car use measures are significant and should be considered in modeling car use behavior. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the market potential and environmental benefits of replacing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the taxi fleet in Nanjing, China. Vehicle trajectory data collected by onboard global positioning system (GPS) units are used to study the travel patterns of taxis. The impacts of charger power, charging infrastructure coverage, and taxi apps on the feasibility of electric taxis are quantified, considering taxi drivers’ recharging behavior and operating activities. It is found that (1) depending on the charger power and coverage, 19% (with AC Level 2 chargers and 20% charger network coverage) to 56% (with DC chargers and 100% charger network coverage) of the ICE vehicles can be replaced by electric taxis without driving pattern changes; (2) by using taxi apps to find nearby passengers and charging stations, drivers could utilize the empty cruising time to charge the battery, which may increase the acceptance of BEVs by up to 82.6% compared to the scenario without taxi apps; and (3) tailpipe emissions in urban areas could be significantly reduced with taxi electrification: a mixed taxi fleet with 46% compressed-natural-gas-powered (CNG) and 54% electricity-powered vehicles can reduce the tailpipe emissions by 48% in comparison with the fleet of 100% CNG taxis. 相似文献