Cooperation among freight forwarders: Mode choice and intermodal freight transport

The objective of this paper is to compare vertical and horizontal cooperation among freight forwarders. The paper analyses three freight forwarders (‘players’) with two different means of transportation. The first two players are truck-operating freight forwarders. The third player is a freight forwarder with its own ship. For the purposes of analysis, the paper applied a two-stage game. The results revealed that the best form of cooperation is the one in which the large truck-operating company would establish a coalition with the ship-operating company; that is, vertical cooperation. This cooperation would generate better payoffs in the form of profit, not only to the members of this coalition, but also to the player that has not joined the coalition. However, user surplus is negative in all coalitions, which shows that the establishment of these kinds of cooperation is not beneficial (in terms of prices) for the users of these service providers.     

16V280ZJ型机车柴油机用纵向进油喷油器的设计与仿真

对16V280ZJ型柴油机螺栓调整式喷油器进行了纵向进油改进设计,从而减少燃油在高压管路内的压力损失,提高燃油喷射压力,改善柴油机性能.完成纵向进油喷油器的设计,运用AutoCAD软件绘制新型纵向进油喷油器的零件图和装配图;利用Fluent软件对改进部位改进前后的三维流场分别进行数值模拟计算,得到流场的压力云图,对比分析计算结果;利用GT-Fuel对改进前后的柴油机进行仿真模拟并对仿真结果进行对比分析,总结其合理性并得出结论.     

GLOBUS/OGSA网格体系结构探讨

重点阐述了网格计算环境下的体系结构模型中两种主流的模型Globus和OGSA各自的设计思想、技术和特点，并详细介绍了两者的结合——Globus Toolkit3的核心功能、关键技术以及软件结构体系，探讨了网格技术未来的发展方向。     

高速铁路40 m跨度预制后张法预应力混凝土简支箱梁试验研究

高速铁路40 m跨度预制后张法预应力混凝土简支箱梁首次在我国郑济高速铁路郑州至濮阳段黄河特大桥北岸引桥进行工程应用。为了验证其预制工艺和结构受力性能是否满足规范要求,以3孔工程梁为试验对象开展了混凝土水化热测试、摩阻测试、预应力终张拉效果测试和静载弯曲试验。结果表明:试验梁水化热测试结果和浇筑工艺合格,预应力施加准确,预应力效果满足设计要求;试验梁抗裂安全性满足规范要求。3孔试验梁预制工艺和结构受力性能满足规范要求,40 m跨度简支箱梁可以推广使用。     

NS160GT型铁路起重机提速改造方案设计

在N1602型铁路起重机性能和结构研究的基础上,通过动力学性能和制动性能的分析,提出了主机转向架和制动系统的提速改造方案,为铁路起重机提速改造提供了思路和工艺。     

Transport and nation‐state governments: a global review

The review undertaken in this paper shows how, at the beginning of 1988, nation‐states of the world allocated ministerial responsibilities for the important function of transport. A total of 118 countries are examined, compared with 111 in 1982 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 4) and 115 in 1985 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 5. No. 1). The analysis reveals an increase in the number of ministers solely responsible for one mode of transport, and notes an increase in the number of designated ministers for tourism. The paper goes on to examine the two main duties of ministers of transport: safety and economic regulation; and of the increasing need for closer international co‐operation as new transport technology, the growing demand for travel and expanding world trade make our world ‘an even more local village’ in the decades to come.     

基于Web服务的网格服务研究

介绍了Web服务和网格服务的理论．分析Web服务机制,并根据OGSA结构对网格服务的特点进行描述．从而建立了基于Web服务的网格服务的模型,并将该模型应用到旅游服务中．     

Surface chlorophyll in the Black Sea over 1978–1986 derived from satellite and in situ data

Absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatial and seasonal variations in the Black Sea were assessed by using satellite CZCS and in situ data. Since the satellite CZCS had operated for the 1978–1986 period, CZCS data was used for assessing the past state of the Black Sea just before the onset of drastic changes observed in late 1980s. The approach used for the calculation of the absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration from CZCS data was based on the direct comparison of in situ chlorophyll a data and those of CZCS and by applying the algorithm developed for the transformation of CZCS data into chlorophyll a values. CZCS Level 2 data related with pigment concentration having a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir were used. The daily Level 3 files were derived by binning Level 2 values into 4-km grid cells and the monthly and seasonal Level 3 files were created by averaging the daily Level 3 files over the corresponding period. In situ chlorophyll a data were obtained by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in 15 scientific cruises over the 1978–1986 period. Total number of ship-measured data used for the comparison with those CZCS values was 590.Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) was derived from CZCS values (C) with regression equations Chl=kC; the coefficient of transformation k was calculated from six different data sets by taking into account distinctions between subregions and seasons. The reasons for difference in the k values have been analyzed.Statistical comparison of the chlorophyll a values measured in situ and those derived from CZCS data was based on log-transformed data and gave the following results: regression SLOPE=0.842, regression INTERCEPT=−0.081, coefficient of determination (R²)=0.806, root–mean–square ERROR=0.195. The mean monthly chlorophyll a distributions derived from CZCS data over 1978–1986 have been constructed and the mean seasonal chlorophyll a values in different regions have been calculated and analyzed. The significant difference in chlorophyll concentration between the western shelf regions and the open part of the Black Sea has been demonstrated, especially in warm season. At almost all seasons, the highest chlorophyll concentration is observed in the western interior shelf region which is under strong influence of Danube. The summer mean chlorophyll concentration in this region is 18 times higher than that in the open parts and about nine times higher than in the eastern shelf region. The greatest seasonal variations are observed in the open part of the Black Sea: chlorophyll concentration in cold season is four to six times higher than in summer and three to five times higher than in April and October. To the contrary, in the western interior shelf regions, the concentration is higher in May–October (about twice than that in November–March). Seasonal variations in the western outer shelf regions are smoothed out as compared with both the western interior shelf and the open regions.     

The local development effects of major new roads

This paper is based on research undertaken for CPRE (Council for the Protection of Rural England) arising from concern at the inadequacy of current road planning procedures to address the issue of local development effects. The paper puts forward a number of arguments of principle in support of this proposition before recounting the planning and development experience of sites in the vicinity of the original (London-Oxford) section of M40 motorway built 20–30 years ago. This experience points to quite different outcomes in areas of open countryside as distinct from the periphery of the major intermediate town (High Wycombe), paricularly enclaves of enclosed land near to motorway junctions. With the latter the experience points to the failure of the planning system to anticipate and cope satisfactorily with development pressures. Since the provisions of development plans are used as the basis for assessing the impact of new road proposals this situation is not merely inefficient but conflicts with the basic purpose of the public planning system to give full consideration to the likely effects of proposals before they are committed.     

基于虚拟试验的汽车40％偏置碰撞抗撞性分析

建立并验证了偏置变形壁障块模型、某轿车全宽碰撞模型的有效性,按照欧洲ECE R94.01法规建立该轿车的40％偏置碰撞有限元模型,基于虚拟试验技术对该轿车进行40％偏置碰撞抗撞性分析,确定该轿车40％偏置碰撞抗撞性改进方向和改进对策。