大跨径自锚式悬索桥合理成桥状态的确定方法

通过对有限位移理论和解析迭代法的分析,对基本参数进行分析研究,提出了确定自锚式悬索桥合理成桥状态的思路和方法。以主缆为切入点,在确定主缆线形及吊索、加劲梁内力的情况下,最终得到主缆和吊杆的无应力长度及施工结构状态。基于上述理论,以某主跨328 m的自锚式悬索桥为例,进行了详细的分析,给出了主缆无应力长度、鞍座预偏量、成桥阶段加劲梁、吊杆的内力,确定了该桥的合理成桥状态。     

斜拉-悬索组合桥结构参数对自振特性的影响分析

该文以甘肃省文县伐子坝桥为工程背景,引入只受拉三维拉索单元,采用考虑几何非线性的子空间迭代法进行了模态分析,给出了斜拉-悬索组合桥自振特性的分析结果,并重点讨论了垂跨比、恒载集度、加劲梁刚度、主缆和斜拉索刚度等结构参数变化对该桥自振特性的影响,为斜拉-悬索组合桥结构设计理论提供了动力性能方面的参考。     

舵系统的颤振计算与分析

为了研究舵系统水弹性特性,基于二元水翼线性颤振模型对舵系统的颤振特性进行数值计算与分析,计算结果与文献仿真数据较为吻合,验证了模型的有效性。利用该模型计算和分析频率比、重心、扭转刚度等线性参数对舵系统颤振的影响规律。此外,结合两自由度二元水翼任意运动时域水动力计算方法,对舵系统非线性颤振现象进行计算,获取传动间隙等因素对非线性颤振的影响规律。研究结果表明：减小质心到弹性轴的距离、增加舵的扭转刚度,有利于提高颤振速度;间隙等非线性因素的存在可能导致系统出现极限循环振荡,激发噪声,应加以控制。     

Geometric matching and spatial pricing in ride-sourcing markets

This paper develops a model to investigate the effects of spatial pricing on ride-sourcing markets. The model is built upon a discrete time geometric matching framework that matches customers with drivers nearby. We demonstrate that a customer may be matched to a distant vehicle when demand surges, yielding an inefficient supply state. We further investigate market equilibrium under spatial pricing assuming a revenue maximizing platform, and find that the platform may resort to relatively higher price to avoid the inefficient supply state if spatial price differentiation is not allowed. Although spatial pricing facilitates market clearing, the platform may still set price more than the efficient level, which compromises the public interest. We then propose a commission rate cap regulation that reaps the flexibility of spatial pricing and can achieve the second best under some homogeneity assumptions.     

Assessment of the effects of highway geometric design features on the frequency of truck involved crashes using bivariate regression

Given the enormous losses to society resulting from large truck involved crashes, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of highway geometric design features on the frequency of truck involved crashes is needed. To better predict the occurrence probabilities of large truck involved crashes and gain direction for policies and countermeasures aimed at reducing the crash frequencies, it is essential to examine truck involved crashes categorized by collision vehicle types, since passenger cars and large trucks differ in dimensions, size, weight, and operating characteristics. A data set that includes a total of 1310 highway segments with 1787 truck involved crashes for a 4-year period, from 2004 to 2007 in Tennessee is employed to examine the effects that geometric design features and other relevant attributes have on the crash frequency. Since truck involved crash counts have many zeros (often 60–90% of all values) with small sample means and two established categories, car-truck and truck-only crashes, are not independent in nature, the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models are developed under the bivariate regression framework to simultaneously address the above mentioned issues. In addition, the bivariate negative binomial (BNB) and two individual univariate ZINB models are estimated for model validation. Goodness of fit of the investigated models is evaluated using AIC, SBC statistics, the number of identified significant variables, and graphs of observed versus expected crash frequencies. The bivariate ZINB (BZINB) models have been found to have desirable distributional property to describe the relationship between the large truck involved crashes and geometric design features in terms of better goodness of fit, more precise parameter estimates, more identified significant factors, and improved predictive accuracy. The results of BZINB models indicate that the following factors are significantly related to the likelihood of truck involved crash occurrences: large truck annual average daily traffic (AADT), segment length, degree of horizontal curvature, terrain type, land use, median type, lane width, right side shoulder width, lighting condition, rutting depth (RD), and posted speed limits. Apart from that, passenger car AADT, lane number, and indicator for different speed limits are found to have statistical significant effects on the occurrences of car-truck crashes and international roughness index (IRI) is significant for the predictions of truck-only crashes.     

声屏障几何形状对高速列车气动噪声影响的数值模拟及降噪研究

基于Lighthill声类比理论分别求解高速列车气动噪声的产生和传播过程,首先由RNG k-ε湍流模型求得流场的稳态计算结果,之后采用大涡模拟和FW-H方程对比直立与半圆形声屏障降噪性能的差异,通过建立包含3节车编组的CRH380A型高速列车和2种声屏障在内的仿真模型,研究声屏障几何形状的改变对声学性能及降噪能力产生的影响。结果表明:圆心角为180°的半圆形声屏障在测点处的平均插入损失较大,同时对气动噪声的降噪需求有着良好的匹配,综合声学性能较传统的直立声屏障更优;缩小圆心角会导致半圆形声屏障的降噪能力相应降低,其插入损失在圆心角由180°减至120°的过程中呈现明显的下降趋势,之后的降幅相对较小,圆心角为30°的半圆形声屏障降噪效果已与等高的直立声屏障类似。     

异型拱桥的几何非线性分析

异型拱桥由于造型独特其非线性行为规律较为复杂且难以掌握.利用自编程序分析了5座各具特点的异型拱桥的非线性行为规律,通过对比总结出以下结论:整体上,拱梁组合式蝶形拱桥中梁柱效应的影响最大,飞燕式系杆拱桥中大位移效应的影响最大,拱塔斜拉桥中索的垂度效应最为明显,而对于有推力的新月形拱桥,各非线性因素的影响均较小,可忽略不计;相对竖直索,斜索的垂度效应较为明显,且其索力受各非线性因素的影响均较大,计算时宜计入斜索的垂度效应并应对斜索索力进行非线性分析;对于仅承受荷载而不参与整体受力的桥面板和横梁,内力受非线性因素的影响很小,采用线性方法具有足够的精度,但计算位移时需计入大位移效应的影响.     

南宁外环膨胀土抗剪强度非线性特征及影响因素分析

以南宁外环膨胀土为对象,开展含低应力条件的不同干密度、不同初始含水率、无荷和有荷干湿循环作用重塑样、有荷干湿循环作用原状样的饱和慢剪以及重塑样饱和三轴固结排水试验,研究干密度、初始含水率、无荷和有荷干湿循环作用等因素对其低应力条件下抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:各抗剪强度包线均呈非线性特征,可用广义幂函数很好地拟合;低应力、干密度及初始含水率对饱和慢剪强度的影响显著;试件初始含水率相同时,干密度越大,强度越大;干密度相同时,初始含水率越大,强度也越大;随干湿循环次数的增加,无荷条件下土样的抗剪强度衰减强于有荷条件。     

超大型海上浮式基地柔性连接器设计及强度分析

超大型海上浮式基地（VLFB）连接器的设计是 VLFB 设计过程中非常关键的环节。文章采用 Sesam/GeniE建立 VLFB 模块水动力模型,计算出不同刚度连接器在4个海况下的最大载荷值,选取了合适的连接器刚度,并计算出此刚度下的连接器在5个海况下不同浪向角的连接器载荷,选取7级海况45°浪向角的载荷作为设计载荷值,提出了一种柔性连接器的设计方案,并用 Abaqus 建模进行非线性分析,结果表明方案符合设计要求,为VLFB 连接器的设计提供了参考。     

基于ZMNL的相关复合K分布雷达海杂波仿真

相关K分布是一种适于描述雷达海杂波的非高斯分布模型。快速、准确地模拟雷达海杂波，对雷达最优信号处理器的设计及雷达系统的模拟是十分重要的。讨论了相关K分布海杂波的建模与仿真，在K分布的自相关函数与高斯分布的自相关函数之间的非线性关系的基础上，利用修正的零记忆非线性变换（ZMNL），仿真产生了相关复合K分布雷达海杂波。仿真实验结果表明，这种方法是准确、有效、可行的。