特长公路隧道独头掘进施工通风组织研究

以广东省博深高速公路石鼓隧道、水涧山隧道为依托,探讨3车道大断面特长公路隧道独头掘进条件下的施工通风组织技术。从长距离独头掘进施工作业环境的卫生标准、施工通风方式选择、施工通风计算、施工通风方案等方面,系统搭建我国特长公路隧道独头掘进施工通风组织的核心技术框架,对我国隧道工程建设技术水平和理念的提高具有特殊意义。     

京新高速公路北辛堡主线站进京方向收费车道数的计算验证

结合京新高速公路河北省张家口段一期京冀界北辛堡主线收费站的交通量现状,选取管理部门提供的收费站交通量报表,对该收费站进京方向收费车道数进行了重新计算,以确定现有进京方向收费车道数能否满足目前的交通量需求,并提出满足现有交通量的收费车道数量.     

不停车收费系统（ETC）关键技术浅析

文中介绍了ETC系统的三大关键技术：车辆自动识别技术（AVI）、自动车型分类技术（AVC）、违章车辆抓拍技术（VEC）,对ETC收费中主流的通讯方式DSRC的各组成部分进行了分析,给出了车载电子标签和微波天线的技术指标,介绍了ETC系统的工作流程。最后对运行过程中ETC存在的问题进行详细总结和分析,给出了相应的解决方法。     

Quantifying the environmental impacts of increasing high occupancy vehicle lanes in the United States

To what extent will increasing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane-kilometer incentivize carpooling and reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases? To answer these questions, we develop a multiple regression model relating HOV lanes and other socioeconomic factors to carpooling propensity in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, then calculate the extent to which increasing HOV lane-kilometers would lead to reductions in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) and major air pollutants across the U.S., by state. Increasing HOV lane extent has the greatest potential to reduce annual CO₂e in the District of Columbia, followed by Hawaii and New York. The smallest potential is found in states with the lowest population density, led by North Dakota. We then explore the extent to which recommendations made at one level of data aggregation (that of individual states) may be valid for another level, such as individual counties. The only state with sufficient data available to disaggregate the model to the county level is California, where we found a lower potential for state-wide CO₂e emission reductions under the county-level model as compared to the state-level model (0.69% as compared to 1.08%, under the same hypothetical scenario), albeit with significant differences in emission reduction potential between counties with higher vs. lower population densities. This analysis demonstrates the potential to generate generalizable insight into the magnitude of vehicle emission reductions that might be achieved through expanding HOV lanes, and highlights the importance of data disaggregation in identifying the optimal locations for potential reductions.     

Impact of high occupancy vehicle lanes on carpooling behavior

High occupancy vehicle lanes have become an integral part of regional transportation planning. Their purpose is to increase ridesharing by offering a travel time advantage to multiple occupant vehicles. This paper examines the extent to which an HOV facility increases ridesharing. Using data from the Route 55 HOV facility in Orange Country, California, changes in the carpooling rate on Route 55 are compared to that of a control group of freeway commuters. The analysis shows that the carpooling rate among peak period commuters, and particularly those who use the entire length of the facility, has increased. However, there has been no significant increase in ridesharing among the entire population of Route 55 commuters. Results suggest that barriers to increased ridesharing are formidable, that travel time savings must be large in order to attract new carpoolers, and that further increases in capooling will likely require development of extensive HOV lane systems.     

HOV车道的设计应用研究

随着我国汽车工业的不断发展，城市的机动车数量不断增加，在带来经济效益的同时，也产生了许多交通问题。通过对HOV设计应用的研究，阐述了在我国目前的发展形势下，将HOV理念引入城市交通管理是实现城市道路可持续发展的需要，也是城市用地集约化配置的需要；同时指出，我国实行HOV优先的可能。论文借鉴多方式出行选择Iogit模型对HOV车道的设置进行了探讨。     

隔离设施对BRT运行速度的影响分析

为了提高BRT的安全运行速度，以增强BRT的安全性、高效性为出发点，通过系统分析有无隔离设施、隔离设施的种类、隔离设施的安装方式以及驾驶员心理等影响BRT运行速度的因素，比较不同路段BRT运行速度的差别。结果表明，BRT在有物理隔离的专用道上的运行速度比无物理隔离专用道上高38．14％，比合用公交专用道高41．49％。     

大深度载人潜水器浮力块的加工和安装

介绍了满足大深度载人潜水器要求的浮力块的使用条件和技术要求;根据各类浮力块的组成和工艺性能,提出了浮力块的粘接、机加工和表面处理、以及安装工艺。由于潜水器的载体框架是由钛合金焊接而成,而浮力块是由浮力材料毛坯粘接并经过数控机床加工而成,这样在载体框架和浮力块中由于加工方法的不同,造成了加工精度的不相称,从而导致浮力块安装时二者之间不匹配的矛盾。通过对载体框架和浮力块装配尺寸链的分析和计算,采用极值互换法,成功地解决了浮力块在载体框架上的安装难题,满足了潜水器的安装技术要求。所获得的经验和工艺参数将为深海水下机器人浮力块加工和安装提供依据,为编制我国大深度载人潜水器入级和建造规范提供参考。     

基于投影寻踪原理的HOV车道综合评价方法研究

HOV车道预期效果的综合评价作为实践运用的重要依据，愈来愈受到关注。为了客观、科学地作出定量评价，在建立HOV车道综合评价体系的基础上，基于投影寻踪原理，提出HOV车道的综合评价方法；并选择具体路段，针对HOV车道的使用效果进行预测分析，为其在我国的实践应用提供参考。     

A problem of limited-access special lanes. Part I: Spatiotemporal studies of real freeway traffic

Most special-use freeway lanes in the US, whether reserved for carpools, toll-paying commuters or both, are physically separated from the adjacent regular-use lanes by some form of barrier. Vehicle movements in and out of a special lane of this type are permitted only at select access points along the route. The barrier at each select point might open for a distance of 400 m or so. Limiting access in this way is said to reduce the “turbulence” that might otherwise occur were the special lane not to have a barrier, such that vehicles could instead enter or exit that lane anywhere along its length.Yet, real freeway traffic studied in spatiotemporal fashion shows that access points are prone to become bottlenecks. The problem occurs when traffic in the regular lanes becomes dense, as commonly happens during a rush. Drivers then seek refuge in the special lane in greater numbers. Since the vehicular maneuvers through the access point are focused within a limited physical space, they can become disruptive and further degrade traffic. Degradation can occur both in the special lane and in the adjacent regular ones. The damage can be worse than when there is no barrier to limit special-lane ingress and egress.The problem is shown to be reproducible across sites and across days at each site. Policy implications are discussed. Select designs and policies to address the problem are thereafter explored in Part II of the paper using traffic simulation.