收费政策在公交专用道上的应用研究

借鉴国外最近流行的车道管理方案HOT—HOV与收费政策相结合的经验,提出收费公交专用道的概念,即可以让非公交车辆使用公交专用道,但需要征收一定的费用,从而实现道路资源的优化配置。同时给出了收费标准的计算方法以及收费公交专用道难点和保障措施。     

吴淞口邮轮码头交通组织设计

采用车道边论证方法进行吴淞口邮轮码头的交通组织设计,对极端工况下的车流量进行了定量分析,得出引桥交通量及码头面上的车位布置数等重要交通组织参数。并通过仿真方法证明交通组织方案的合理、有效,与理论计算互为补充。     

Optimal starting location of an HOV lane for a linear monocentric urban area

This paper analyzes the optimal starting location of a high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lane for a linear monocentric urban area. Both travel time and carpooling costs are taken into account. The research proposes an analytical framework for the case with a continuum demand distribution along a highway corridor. The objective is assumed to maximize social welfare of the transportation system, which is the difference between the total user benefit and travel cost. Numerical analysis via simulation experiments was conducted to seek the existence of an optimal solution. Based on the results of a sensitivity analysis, we find a specific relationship between the carpooling cost and the optimal design of the starting point of an HOV lane.     

载人潜水器概念设计中的系统集成模型(英文)

在载人潜水器的概念设计阶段,开展系统参数化分析来研究设计变量变化对潜水器性能影响以及多学科优化设计方法在潜水器上的应用是十分有价值的.然而,对于系统参数化分析和多学科设计优化应用所需要的潜水器数学模型,这方面的研究却比较少.为了解决这一问题,该文以某载人潜水器为对象,示范如何建立一个包含有六个模块的载人潜水器系统集成模型,它们分别是艇型模块、阻力模块、能源模块、结构模块、重量模块和稳定性模块.通过设计结构矩阵的应用,发现载人潜水器的概念设计是一个顺序执行的过程,并且属于弱耦合设计问题.     

强制性换道的空间特征对分流区交通流的影响

为研究车辆在多车道分流区的跟驰换道行为，将强制性换道划分为激进型和保守型.在考虑驾驶员换道需求与空间位置关系的基础上，量化两种强制性换道行为的转换条件，并给出车辆强制性换道规则；对跟驰模型中的减速度参数进行优化，建立多车道下分流车辆的跟驰换道模型；采用实际数据标定模型中关键参数，并验证模型的可行性.仿真结果表明：分流车辆的横向空间分布对交通流的干扰具有显著性影响；当分流车辆集中在最左侧车道时，中间2车道的运行速度波动明显，折减量最大时达到51.4%，恢复稳定所需时间更多；通过 4组实验场景发现，分流车辆的合理空间分布对交通流运行速度有较大的改善作用.     

A problem of limited-access special lanes. Part II: Exploring remedies via simulation

Spatiotemporal analyses of freeway sites in Part I have shown that special-lane access points are prone to become bottlenecks. These can degrade traffic flows, sometimes in all lanes. Part II explores select impacts of re-designing the means of entering and exiting a special lane, and of altering the policy governing its use. Parametric tests were conducted using a computer simulation model that was calibrated to one of the sites studied in Part I; one with a buffer-separated carpool lane. Though less reliable than what might have been observed via experiments in real settings, the simulated findings seem to offer useful insights nonetheless.The findings indicate that traffic conditions would improve at the site by elongating the carpool lane’s buffer opening beyond its present length of 400 m. Yet, only modest improvements were predicted, even when the opening was elongated to 1000 m or more. Greater benefits were predicted from disentangling the movements made into and out of the carpool lane. This was achieved by placing first a buffer opening to serve only ingress, followed by another immediately downstream to serve egress. The benefits of this treatment were again limited, even when each tandem opening was elongated to a length of 700 m. Fully removing the buffer that physically separates the carpool lane from the regular ones was predicted to bring the greatest improvements to traffic. Also examined was pending legislation that would leave the carpool-lane buffer in place, while limiting the times of day when the lane is reserved for special use. Simulations predict that this legislation would degrade travel conditions below those that presently occur at the site. The extent of this predicted degradation varied, depending upon the time of day when the lane-use restriction went into effect.     

关于城市道路潮汐车道的设置研究

针对城市道路早晚高峰单向拥堵难题,分别对已建和新建存在潮汐车流的道路进行了分析,对设置潮汐车道的条件进行了论证,并对潮汐车道道路的管理进行了研究。通过论证分析,明确了已建道路和新建道路设置潮汐车道的条件及设置潮汐车道要解决的问题,对设置潮汐车道的道路提出了管理措施。     

大深度载人潜水器钛合金框架试验研究

对大深度载人潜水器来说,框架是潜水器的设备载体,不仅要保证框架在各种使用工况下其强度满足要求,而且还要保证框架具有合理的刚度,保证设备、电缆液压管路的正常使用.对框架进行试验验收是检验框架安全性最为重要的环节.由于框架是空间结构,布置的大大小小上百个设备都作用在框架上,在试验过程中对这些设备进行完全载荷模拟和框架变形的测量相当困难.在此之前,我国还没有进行过类似大深度载人潜水器钛合金框架试验.本文的主要目的是介绍和总结这次框架试验.本文所涉及的内容包括载荷的模拟方法,应力、变形的测量方法、试验中可能出现的安全问题及其解决办法,试验岗位的配置,试验的后处理任务等等.同时,本文将试验结果与理论分析进行了比较,对大深度载人潜水器框架结构的安全评估等内容进行了探讨,可供以后的类似试验作为参考依据.     

大深度载人潜水器上的复合材料轻外壳结构设计研究

论述了大深度载人潜水器复合材料轻外壳的结构设计理念及方法、加强措施、强度分析方法和强度许用标准等关键技术,并就以下七方面进行了总结:①材料的性能;②轻外壳外形、制造安装及总布置要求;③轻外壳的使用环境、危险工况下的受力状态;④可能的结构破坏形式;⑤强度安全储备的确定;⑥局部特殊要求与加强形式;⑦联结形式。可为编制大深度载人潜水器规范和研制同类型产品提供参考。     

Hybrid cars and HOV lanes

The 2005 California Clean Air Access Sticker program offered stickers to owners of hybrid cars allowing unrestricted access to High Occupancy Vehicle lanes. The program was conceived as a zero-cost mechanism to encourage purchase of hybrid cars and to reduce air pollution. Information from sales of used hybrids allows us to estimate sticker market value. We then derive the value of excess HOV space the hybrids occupied, which is considerably greater than the air pollution benefits achieved. A more effective policy would sell space to drivers of any vehicle and use the revenue to stimulate hybrid demand, preferably via direct subsidy.