宁波市城庄路姚江大桥试桩方案设计

钻孔灌注桩的承载能力与成桩工艺和地质条件有很大关系,通过试桩可以确定合适的成桩工艺和合适的承载能力。文中通过分析比较多种试桩方法,提出了试桩所必须进行的测试内容,并推荐采用自平衡法与堆载法相结合的桩基承载力试验方案。     

先张法折线预应力工字梁成桥动载试验研究

为了解先张法折线预应力工字梁成桥后结构的自振频率、振幅、冲击系数等动力特性实测参数,通过对其进行动载试验,将有限元计算的理论值与实测值进行了对比分析,发现自振频率、振幅、冲击系数等动力特性实测参数均小于理论值,表明桥梁整体受力性能良好,满足设计运营荷载等级的要求。     

国外客车被动安全研究

近年来,国外大客车被动安全研究进展迅速,并取得了良好的效果。在欧美等国家,虽然公路客运量比重最大,但与其它交通工具相比,大客车交通事故死亡人数却是最少的,这与这些国家客车的被动安全研究有密切的关系。本文从国外客车事故统计与分析、被动安全研究方法以及目前正在研究的新项目等三方面对国外大型客车被动安全研究的状况进行介绍,以对我国刚刚起步的大客车被动安全的研究工作起到推动作用。     

基于现场钻芯取样的沥青结构层抗车辙性能评价方法

为了快速检测与评价所铺筑沥青路面结构的抗车辙性能,提高沥青路面施工质量水平,首先设计了圆柱形试件车辙试验所需的试验模具,采用ANSYS软件模拟圆柱形试件和板式试件的车辙试验,分析了圆柱形芯样车辙试验的可行性;其次采用2种基质沥青、1种改性沥青、5种级配的5组沥青混合料,在不同厚度和温度条件下进行圆柱形芯样车辙试验,分析确定了圆柱形芯样车辙试验的条件;最后结合现行规范要求,根据板式试件车辙试验和圆柱形试件车辙试验的相关性,建立了基于现场钻芯取样的沥青路面抗车辙性能检测标准。研究结果表明:可采用70℃下路面圆柱形芯样的车辙试验评价沥青路面高温抗车辙能力,并要求高温性能质量标准下的车辙动稳定度大于2 450次.mm-1;该法可实现对现场沥青路面抗车辙性能的快速检测与评价,有利于提高混合料设计水平与路面施工质量。     

Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.     

Virtual durability test rigs for automotive engineering

In recent years so-called ‘virtual test rigs’ have become more and more important in the development process of cars and trucks. Originally, the idea was to substitute expensive durability tests with computer simulation. Meanwhile, the focus has changed towards a more cooperative usage of numerical and laboratory rig simulation. For many safety critical issues laboratory tests remain indispensable. In early development stages, when no physical prototypes are available yet, numerical simulation is used to analyse and optimise the design. In this paper, we show how to build numerical simulation models of complex servo-hydraulic test systems and their test specimen using multi-body simulation for the mechanics in combination with simulation models for the hydraulics and controls. We illustrate this at two industrial application examples: a spindle-coupled passenger car suspension rig and a tyre-coupled full vehicle rig. We show how the simulation models are used to design and optimise better test rigs and to support the test rig operation by preparing the physical tests with new specimen, i.e. by performing numerical simulations including numerical drive file iteration before the physical tests start.     

Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

土密实度瞬态振动测试信号的信息熵分析

在室内试验的基础上,提出了土密实度瞬态振动测试信号的信息熵分析方法以及时域和频域信息熵谱的计算方法,并给出了用信息熵对土密实度进行定量分析的半经验模型(拟合公式)。对信息熵的分析结果表明:在含水量一致的情况下,随着试样的干密度的增大,信号的主峰频率呈增大的趋势;在干密度基本一致的情况下,随着试样含水量的增大,信号的主峰频率呈减小的趋势,证明了将信号的信息熵作为土密实度的特征参量是合适的。     

EQB231—20柴油机燃油喷射系统开发研究(续完)

介绍了EQB231—20柴油机用燃油喷射系统的开发过程及结果,包括系统参数估算、喷油泵、喷油器、高压油管、调速器、输油泵及其他性能件的选型,并进行了喷油过程仿真计算、系统测试与分析及发动机匹配试验研究。