单体小水线面水翼复合型高速船应用前景探讨

该文简要介绍了单体小水线面水翼复合型高速船（HYSWAS）国内外研究概况,HYSWAS与其它高性能船比较具有航速高、耐波性好、可大型化的优点。通过海峡客运船队的论证和东亚超高速货运航线经济性分析,提出了HYSWAS用作高速客渡船和小型、高速集装箱船,具有良好的应用前景。     

混合动力汽车动力驱动系统一体化实验教学系统开发

动力驱动系统作为混合动力汽车的重要组成部分,如何将该部分的重要结构、工作原理教给学生,提升学生对所学知识的掌握及应用具有重要的意义.基于此,文章进行了混合动力汽车动力驱动系统一体化实验教学系统的开发,该系统不仅能直观地反映油电混合动力汽车动力驱动总成的结构、组成,而且能够直观对照电路图分析控制系统的工作原理,便于学生学...     

混合动力汽车电子无级变速机构设计方法初探

混合动力汽车的电子无级变速机构能达到利用蓄电池作为能量缓冲装置减轻车辆行驶状况对发动机运行工况影响的目的,可使车辆的燃油经济性和排放性能得到大幅提高。系统地总结了开发混合动力汽车电子无级变速机构的原则,并在此基础上提出了开发过程中的选型以及结构参数优选方法。研究结果在日本丰田公司生产的Prius混合动力汽车上得到了验证。     

基于混合系统模型预测控制的列车优化运行

为保证列车高效率运行,需要对自动驾驶系统进行高效设计。列车运行过程具有高度非线性化的特性,针对这一特性,通过引入整数变量,建立基于混合系统的列车混合逻辑动态模型,其次考虑列车运行过程的多重约束,通过二次规划求解控制律。同时为了降低控制器计算量,在模型预测控制的基础上引入了阶梯式控制策略。最后利用Matlab仿真软件使其跟踪一条即定曲线,对所提的控制策略进行数值仿真。结果表明,该控制器可以在降低计算量的基础上,保证列车准时高效跟踪既定曲线,当改变控制器参数时,对跟踪效果有较大的影响。仿真结果对本文采用的方法进行了有效验证。     

Optimization of submerged floating tunnel cross section based on parametric Bézier curves and hybrid backpropagation - genetic algorithm

The cross-section geometry of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has a large effect on hydrodynamic characteristics, structural behavior and service level, making the tunnel cross section the primary factor in optimizing efficiency. Minimizing the mean drag and the dynamic variability in the lift of the SFT cross section under bi-directional (i.e., tidal) flow has a dramatic impact on the reduction of structural displacements and mooring loads. Based on a parametric Bézier curve dynamically comprising the leading-edge radius, tunnel height and width to define the SFT geometry, a sensitivity analysis of the Bézier curve parameters for a fixed aspect ratio with prototype dimensions under uniform flow conditions was conducted by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the pressure distribution around the SFT cross-section surface was analyzed. A theoretical method comprising the Kármán vortex street parameters was employed to verify the CFD simulation results. In order to determine the SFT cross section with optimal hydrodynamic properties, the mean drag and Root Mean Square (RMS) lift coefficients were selected as optimization objectives, and four Bézier curve parameters were the input variables, in a neural network and genetic algorithm optimization process (a hybrid BP-GA structure), which is less likely to become trapped in local minima. The results show the optimal tunnel cross section has a mean drag and a RMS lift coefficient reduced by 0.9% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to the original CFD dataset.     

混合动力客车再生制动模拟试验台结构方案

文章介绍了基于某系列混合动力城市客车而设计的再生制动模拟试验台的组成与原理,并在分析该模拟试验台各模拟系统及其应该满足的要求的基础上,对基于某混合动力城市客车总成结构而设计的2种再生制动模拟试验台的结构方案进行了比较分析,选出了一种具有安全性和稳定性的再生制动模拟试验台结构,这种结构还具有便捷的扩展性以及多功能性。     

试验循环工况下混合动力车用镍氢电池组温度场研究

在镍氢电池生热理论的基础上,根据混合动力汽车试验循环工况获得的充放电电流计算得到电池的生热功率,建立了电池组散热系统的散热模型。应用计算流体力学方法对电池组的温度场进行了数值模拟仿真分析,并进行了混合动力汽车试验循环工况下镍氢电池组的温度场试验。结果表明,模拟值与试验值吻合;电池组具有良好的散热效果,可满足混合动力汽车在生热、散热方面对镍氢电池的使用要求。     

The effect of attitudes on reference-dependent preferences: Estimation and validation for the case of alternative-fuel vehicles

Several recent studies in transportation have analysed how choices made by individuals are influenced by attitudes. Other studies have contributed to our understanding of apparently non-rational behaviour by examining how choices may reflect reference-dependent preferences. This paper examines how reference-dependent preferences and attitudes together may explain individual choices. In a modelling framework based on a hybrid choice model allowing for both concepts, we investigate how attitudes and reference-dependent preferences interact and how they affect willingness-to-pay measures and demand elasticities. Using a data set with stated choices among alternative-fuel vehicles, we see that allowing for reference-dependent preferences improves our ability to explain the stated choices in the data and that the attitude (appreciation of car features) explains part of the preference heterogeneity across individuals. The results indicate that individuals have reference-dependent preferences that could be explained by loss aversion and that these are indeed related to an individual’s attitude towards car features. The models are validated using a large hold-out sample. This shows that the inclusion of attitudes improves the models’ ability to explain behaviour in the hold-out sample. While neither reference-dependent preferences nor the attitude affect the average willingness-to-pay measures in our sample, their effect on choice behaviour has implications for policy recommendations as segments with varying attitudes and reference values will act differently when affected by policy instruments related to the demand for alternative-fuel vehicles, e.g. subsidies.     

Batteries in offshore support vessels – Pollution,climate impact and economics

This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea operations. They have multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems to ensure that they can perform their duties with high reliability at nearly any sea state. Combined with high safety requirements, this has resulted in general operational patterns with vessels running multiple combustion engines even at calm water conditions. For emissions, low engine loads yield high emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), due to less favorable combustion conditions. The high span for these vessels between low loads and high, and their great need for potential power at short notice, motivate our examination of hybrid setups with electric: the vessel segment should be more favorable than many. We find that combining batteries with combustion engines reduces local pollution and climate impact, while the economics with current battery cost and fuel prices is good enough for new vessels, but not good enough for retrofits.     

Fuel economy of hybrid-electric versus conventional gasoline vehicles in real-world conditions: A case study of cold cities in Quebec,Canada

This paper investigates the fuel efficiency of commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and compares their performance with respect to standard gasoline vehicles in the context of cold Canadian urban environments. The effect of different factors on fuel efficiency is studied including road driving conditions (link type, city size), temperature, speed, cold-starts and eco-driving training. For this study, fuel consumption data at the link level in real-world conditions was used from a sample of 74 instrumented vehicles. From the study fleet, 21 vehicles were HEVs. Among other results, the beneficial fuel efficiency merits of hybrid vehicles were demonstrated with respect to gasoline cars, in particular at low speeds and in urban (city) environments. After controlling for other factors, sedan HEVs were 28% more efficient than sedan gasoline vehicles. However, the low temperatures (below 0 °C) observed regularly during winter season in the study cities were identified as a detrimental factor to fuel economy. In winter, the fuel efficiency of HEVs decrease about 20% with respect to summer. Other factors such as eco-driving training, city size, cold start and vehicle type were also found to be statistically significant.