对Stokes问题的几种杂交应力元含秩状况的讨论

Stokes流的杂交应力有限单元,可以由π_R型变分泛函出发,进行推导,这更便于在选择应力偏量场与压力场的早期控制单元含秩状态。Bratianu-Atluri的三种Stokes流杂交应力元,在单元一级上额外缺秩,皆含有兼容性多余机动模式,尤其无法形成在组合一级上的正确含秩的组合元。     

Numerical modeling of hollow-cone fuel atomization,vaporization and wall impingement processes under high ambient temperatures

In the following paper, a numerical study of the atomization, vaporization and wall impingement processes of hollow-cone fuel spray from high-pressure swirl injectors under various ambient temperature conditions was carried out. Also, the availability of applied models and the effect of ambient temperature on spray characteristics is discussed. The Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) model combined with the Aerodynamically Progressed Taylor Analogy Breakup (APTAB) model, the improved Abramzon model and the Gosman model are used to calculate the atomization, vaporization and wall impingement processes of hollow-cone fuel spray, respectively. Spray models are implemented with the modified KIVA code. The calculation results of the spray characteristics under two ambient temperatures, including spray tip penetration, spray structure and radial distance after spray-wall impingement are compared to the experimental results obtained by the Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) technique. The droplet size distribution, ambient gas velocity field, vapor phase distribution and fuel film mass generated by spray-wall impingement, measurements which are generally difficult to obtain by experimental methods, are also calculated and discussed. Quantitative discussions on the effect of the ambient temperature on the spray development process are conducted. It is shown that the applied models are applicable even in the high ambient temperature condition.     

基于混合储能的船舶电力推进系统模糊PI控制策略

针对船舶实际航行过程中因复杂海况造成的电力推进系统中直流母线电压波动问题,构建一种基于混合储能的船舶电力系统模型,该模型由超级电容器和蓄电池组成。根据系统功率频谱确定低通滤波时间常数,并通过模糊PI控制策略实现对功率型和能量型2种储能元件充放电全过程的精确管理,延长使用寿命,有效应对在各种复杂海况下的直流母线电压波动问题。在VS2010上进行编程仿真分析,通过将仿真结果与实际船舶电力推进系统模型运行数据相对比,验证所提出的能量管理方案和控制策略的有效性。     

Assessment of hybrid‐drive bus fuel savings for Brazilian urban transit

Buses are the main transit mode in Brazil, transporting more than 55 million passengers per day. Most of these vehicles run on diesel oil causing a dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation, options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This paper proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed hybrid‐drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid‐drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operations, particularly with respect to fuel economy. Next the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid‐drive buses is assessed. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid‐drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

Integrating bus services with mixed fleets

Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower average costs and provides convenient door-to-door service. Bus size and operation type are related since larger buses have lower average cost per passenger at higher demand densities. The operation type and other decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major terminal to local regions. Conventional and flexible bus sizes, conventional bus route spacings, areas of service zones for flexible buses, headways, and fleet sizes are jointly optimized in multi-dimensional nonlinear mixed integer optimization problems. To solve them, we propose a hybrid approach, which combines analytic optimization with a Genetic Algorithm. Numerical analysis confirms that the proposed method provides near-optimal solutions and shows how the proposed Mixed Fleet Variable Type Bus Operation (MFV) can reduce total cost compared to alternative operations such as Single Fleet Conventional Bus (SFC), Single Fleet Flexible Bus (SFF), Mixed Fleet Conventional Bus (MFC) and Mixed Fleet Flexible Bus (MFF). With consistent system-wide bus sizes, capital costs are reduced by sharing fleets over times and over regions. The sensitivity of results to several important parameters is also explored.     

复合型高速船阻力性能的改善措施研究

对单体小水线面水翼复合型高速船（HYSWAS）,通过计算研究发现,在保持水平水翼和割划水翼组合形式不变的情况下,通过增加水平水翼的展弦比可减小该船型的总阻力,提高该船型的快速性。     

串联式混合动力内河船舶参数匹配及控制策略研究

以某环境监测船为研究对象,根据基本参数与设计指标,在满足船舶动力性指标要求的前提下对船舶动力系统进行参数匹配,提高船舶经济性并改善排放性能。在混合动力船舶电力推进试验平台上采用切换理论控制策略进行仿真试验,结果表明,船舶在满足性能要求的前提下,燃油消耗量大幅降低,验证了动力系统参数匹配结果及控制策略的合理性和可行性。     

The Hybrid Vehicle Routing Problem

In this paper the Hybrid Vehicle Routing Problem (HVRP) is introduced and formalized. This problem is an extension of the classical VRP in which vehicles can work both electrically and with traditional fuel. The vehicle may change propulsion mode at any point of time. The unitary travel cost is much lower for distances covered in the electric mode. An electric battery has a limited capacity and may be recharged at a recharging station (RS). A limited number of RS are available. Once a battery has been completely discharged, the vehicle automatically shifts to traditional fuel propulsion mode. Furthermore, a maximum route duration is imposed according to contracts regulations established with the driver. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation is presented and a Large Neighborhood Search based Matheuristic is proposed. The algorithm starts from a feasible solution and consists into destroying, at each iteration, a small number of routes, letting unvaried the other ones, and reconstructing a new feasible solution running the model on only the subset of customers involved in the destroyed routes. This procedure allows to completely explore a large neighborhood within very short computational time. Computational tests that show the performance of the matheuristic are presented. The method has also been tested on a simplified version of the HVRP already presented in the literature, the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP), and competitive results have been obtained.     

基于混合遗传算法的主动悬架集成优化研究

作者提出的主动悬架的集成优化方法是以主动悬架的结构参数与LQG控制器为优化对象,以主动悬架系统输出的车身垂直加速度、悬架动位移、轮胎动位移和主动控制力的加权和为优化性能指标。同时提出了一种混合优化算法,它利用梯度算法每次迭代得到的结果来改进遗传算法的群体,而用遗传算法的最优个体与梯度算法的迭代解相比较,选择其中的最优点作为梯度算法下一步迭代的初始点。运用该混合遗传算法进行主动悬架系统的集成优化控制能有效地提高汽车行驶平顺性和安全性。     

混合动力电动汽车能量自适应模糊控制研究

为了实现混合动力电动汽车两种能量的最佳分配,确保电机、蓄电池的合理运行,建立了前向并联式混合动力电动汽车动力系统模型,提出了采用自适应模糊控制方法对动力系统进行能量分配,设计了控制器,讨论了自组织控制器的规则自我调整过程。整车循环工况仿真试验表明该控制具有较强的鲁棒性,可使电机、发动机、蓄电池等动力设备工作于最佳工况。