沥青混凝土GTM设计及施工

简单介绍旋转压实剪切试验机(GTM)的设计原理、原则及其设计方法与要求,通过GTM试验与马歇尔试验的对比,揭示出用GTM设计的沥青混凝土的优越性。在GTM设计的沥青混凝土施工中,对混合料生产、运输、摊铺及碾压提出了一些具体要求和注意事项,可为类似工程提供有益的借鉴。     

基于支持向量机的多传感器船舶火灾探测技术

针对船舶火灾探测误报率高的情况,为提高火灾探测系统的可靠性,提出一种基于支持向量机的多传感器火灾信息融合方法。经过仿真试验证明,通过多传感器探测数据的有效融合,可以大幅提高火灾探测系统的火灾识别率。     

智能新能源船舶的概念及关键技术

绿色和智能是当前船舶技术的发展趋势。文章首先提出了智能新能源船舶的概念,并介绍了智能新能源船舶的内涵、特点和系统构成;然后,从船舶航行、动力和推进3个方面分析了智能新能源船舶的关键技术;最后,对智能新能源船舶的未来发展进行展望。研究结果可为船舶的创新研究提供技术支持,引领船舶技术转型升级的发展方向。     

同步洒布摊铺机的研制与开发

超薄磨耗层养护技术被欧美列为高速公路第一养护方案,在国内也已经开始推广应用。文章介绍了国产超薄磨耗层施工专用设备的研制过程,通过对国内高速公路养护市场的分析以及与德国福格勒公司的进口设备对比,认为国内同步洒布摊铺机的研制与开发具有广阔的市场前景。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

Augmented Reality Vehicle system: Left-turn maneuver study

Augmented Reality “AR” is a promising paradigm that can offer users with real-time, high-quality visualization of a wide variety of information. In AR, virtual objects are added to the real-world view in real time. The AR technology can offer a very realistic environment for enhancing drivers’ performance on the road and testing drivers’ ability to react to different road design and traffic operations scenarios. This can be achieved by adding virtual objects (people, vehicles, hazards, and other objects) to the normal view while driving an actual vehicle in a real environment. This paper explores a new Augmented Reality Vehicle “ARV” system and attempts to apply this new concept to a selected traffic engineering application namely the left-turn maneuver at two-way stop-controlled “TWSC” intersection. This TWSC intersection experiment, in addition to testing the feasibility of the application, tries to quantify the size of gaps accepted by different driver’s characteristics (age and gender). The ARV system can be installed in any vehicle where the driver can see the surrounding environment through a Head Mounted Display “HMD” and virtual objects are generated through a computer and added to the scene. These different environments are generated using a well defined set of scenarios. The results from this study supported the feasibility and validity of the proposed ARV system and they showed promise for this system to be used in the field-testing for the safety and operation aspects of transportation research. Results of the left-turn maneuver study revealed that participants accepted gaps in the range of 4.0-9.0 s. This finding implies that all gaps below 4 s are rejected and all gaps above 9 s are likely to be accepted. The mean value of the left-turn time was 4.67 s which is a little bit higher than reported values in the literature (4.0-4.3 s). Older drivers were found to select larger gaps to make left turns than younger drivers. The conservative driving attitude of older drivers indicates the potential presence of reduced driving ability of elderly. Drivers’ characteristics (age and gender) did not significantly affect the left-turn time. Based on the survey questions that were handed to participants, most participants indicated good level of comfort with none or small level of risk while driving the vehicle with the ARV system. None of the participants felt any kind of motion sickness and the participants’ answers indicated a good visibility and realism of the scene with overall good system fidelity.     

物联网平台下智能交通系统体系框架研究

文章以现有智能交通系统体系框架为基础,提出以结构化方法制定物联网平台下智能交通系统体系框架,并以结构化方法的基本步骤为主线,结合物联网工作原理和自主体系结构,从用户服务、逻辑框架、物理框架三方面探讨新体系框架与现有体系框架的差别。     

国产长输管道焊接施工装备研究

近年来,长输油气管道焊接施工装备技术快速发展,大量新型管道施工装备投入管道工程现场应用,比如管道全位置自动焊机、管道管端坡口机、管道内环缝自动焊机已被分别用于管口焊接、坡口加工、管口组对。在大厚壁、高钢级、大口径管道施工中,这些设备既提高了管道施工效率,也提高了管口的焊接质量。根据实际应用情况,阐述了前述设备的结构、性能和其他技术特点,以使相关技术人员对国产管道施工装备有进一步的认识。     

新型负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置

针对扭矩传感器静态校准无法完全满足实际需要的难题,设计一种新型100 N·m负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置,并阐述该装置的工作原理和关键技术。校准装置由扭矩产生装置、连接系统、制动系统、信号处理控制系统和空气轴承系统组成,利用火工拔销器产生负阶跃动态扭矩,较大程度上降低负阶跃动态扭矩的下降时间,并采用空气轴承的支承方式提高动态扭矩的传递精度。通过对试验数据进行分析和处理,结果表明该装置负阶跃扭矩产生时间低于0.1 ms。不确定度分析结果显示,该装置的扩展不确定度U为4.22%,扩展因子k为2。     

基于AIGA-WLSSVM的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测方法

为了降低埋地管道腐蚀影响因素之间的复杂相关性,提高腐蚀预测精度,文中提出一种基于自适应免疫遗传算法-加权最小二乘支持向量机(AIGA-WLSSVM)的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测建模方法,并采用AIGA优化模型参数,进一步提高模型的学习能力和稳定性。最后通过实例分析验证了AIGA-WLSSVM建模方法在埋地管道腐蚀速率预测中的可行性和有效性,为埋地管道的检修与更换提供参考。