Towards a simplified performance-linked value for money model as a reference point for bus contract payments

The burgeoning commitment to contracting the delivery of bus services through competitive tendering or negotiated performance-based contracts has been accompanied by as many contract payments schemes as there are contracts. We are now well placed to design a simplified performance-linked payment (SPLP) model that can be used as a reference point to ensure value for money, given the accumulation of experiences throughout the world which have revealed substantive common elements in contracts. Whether the payment to the operator is framed as a payment per passenger or as a payment per service kilometre, the SPLP identifies efficient subsidy outcomes that are linked to a proxy indicator of net social benefit per dollar of subsidy. We illustrate how the SPLP model can be applied to obtain the gross (subsidy) cost per passenger (or per passenger km) from measures of gross cost efficiency and network effectiveness. This model can then be used as part of a benchmarking activity to identify reference value of money prospects in respect of passengers per $ subsidy outlay by adjusting for influences not under the control of the service provider. A single framework to identify contract payments to operators, and to assess (i.e., benchmark) operator performance on critical KPIs, is provided by internalising critical key performance indicators (KPIs) in the design of the SPLP. The proposed SPLP model is sufficiently general to be independent of the procurement method (competitive tendered or negotiated, for example) and of the treatment of revenue allocation (net or gross based contracts), with the additional advantage of being able to assess value for money for government.     

以“校企共同体”合作模式培养国际化技能型人才的研究与实践——以中新（南通）国际海事培训中心为例

＂校企共同体＂合作模式把学校和企业两种不同的教育环境和资源有机结合起来,是一种有利于培养适应社会发展的新型人才培养模式。文章以中新（南通）国际海事培训中心为例,探讨了＂校企共同体＂合作模式对于培养国际化技能人才的优势及启示,具有一定的指导意义。     

我国国际邮轮乘务员跨文化适应问题探讨

我国邮轮旅游业快速发展,越来越多的中国籍邮轮乘务员出现在各大国际邮轮。国际邮轮是一个国际化的社区,邮轮乘务员的工作和生活呈现国际化特色,这些对我国国际乘务员跨文化适应能力提出了很大挑战。本文结合在丽星和歌诗达邮轮上工作的11名中国籍邮轮乘务的工作和生活经历,阐述了我国国际邮轮乘务员跨文化适应能力的主要影响因素和跨文化适应的后续问题。     

浅谈部分商务英语的词汇理解与翻译

随着世界贸易的发展,国际商务英语的学习热潮一浪高过一浪。但是在商务英语术语的理解和翻译方面仍然存在着一些错误,值得大家去关注,以免出现更大的损失。     

新型深水块石抛填和夯平一体化施工船研发应用

本文依托长江南槽一期深水航道整治工程,在深入研究现有块石水下抛填方法的基础上,研发了新型的开敞式深水快速高精度抛填和整平一体化新设备,对其可行性进行了多次测试试验,确定了装备的选型。并采用数值模拟、物模试验等结合的方法进行了结构的验算,确保设备的使用可靠性。该设备可以适应35m水深、2m/s流速,配有实时定位系统,可以实时采集抛填区域的施工效果,实现了抛填和夯平施工和质量检测一体化,通过施工数据分析,该设备达到了93%的抛填合格率,在精度提高至±20cm时合格率可达85%,整平精度可以达到5cm,创新了抛填施工的新装备,经鉴定,该装备达到了国际先进水平,可为类似设备建造选型提供借鉴。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

提高国内航行船舶检验质量的措施与方法

国际海事公约是船舶检验工作的主要依据之一,本文介绍船舶法定检验质量管理体系的建立和运行,加强与港澳接轨,保障国内航行船舶检验质量的措施;提出进一步提高国内航行船舶法定检验质量的解决方法,以使国内航行船舶检验工作更好地向国际公约靠拢。     

关于构筑广西面向东盟的国际道路运输业的思考

广西面临着西部大开发、CEPA、GMS、中国-东盟自由贸易区、泛珠三角经济圈、环北部湾经济圈等历史性机遇。如何抓住这一历史性机遇,乘势而上,构建广西面向东盟的国际道路运输业,是摆在我们面前的当务之急。作者从广西国际道路运输业的实际出发,分析了广西具有发展国际道路运输的独特优势和良好机遇,着重阐述了广西新一轮国际道路运输发展的战略布局,提出了加快广西国际道路运输发展的目标、方向和对策。     

国际航运投资决策应用实物期权方法的分析

从国际航运的投资特点出发,通过实物期权方法与现行方法的比较,分析了国际航运投资决策应用实物期权方法的必要性与可行性,初步提出了国际航运投资项目存在的八种灵活性及其相应的实物期权。     

国际铁路联盟(UIC)国际标准制定工作方法及流程研究

大力推进中国铁路标准国际化,促进中国铁路技术纳入国际标准,是增强中国铁路国际标准话语权的重要举措,也是中国铁路技术标准服务于"走出去"战略的重要内容。近年来,中国铁路主持参与了国际铁路联盟(UIC)一系列重点标准的制修订工作。在总结前期中国铁路UIC国际标准工作经验的基础上,提出中国铁路国际标准制修订的主要工作原则,系统阐述UIC国际标准制修订的主要方法和工作流程,为中国铁路专家更好地完成UIC国际标准工作,并进一步提升中国技术和中国标准的国际影响力提供指导。