金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况与对策

2008年金融危机以来,世界经贸形势错综复杂,国际干散货船舶运输市场陷入低迷,BDI指数持续低谷盘整。研究了国际干散货运输需求情况和运力增长规模,剖析了国际干散货运价走势,并针对金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况,提出了金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输的发展对策。     

The costs and benefits of reducing SO2 emissions from ships in the US West Coastal waters

Potential costs and benefits of policy options for reducing offshore ship pollution are examined using a meta-analysis of studies synthesized regionally for the US West Coast. Net benefits of reducing SO₂ emissions from cargo ships in the US West Coast waters are found to range between $98 million and $284 million, annually; the benefit–cost ratio varies between 1.8 and 3.36, depending on the size of the control area and the sulfur content limit. The results show that about 21,000 tons of on-land equivalent SO₂ emissions or about 33% of SO₂ emissions from all mobile sources in California in 2005 can be reduced annually if the US West Coast exclusive economic zone is designated as an International Maritime Organization-compliant SO_x emission control area (SECA) with fuel-sulfur content not exceeding 1.5%. The analysis demonstrates that designating this area reduces more emissions than establishing a smaller zone at a lower but favorable benefit-cost ratio. Control measures that require 0.5% low-sulfur fuels reduce more SO₂ emissions, and also may have higher net benefits. Technological alternatives may achieve benefits of emissions reductions on the US West Coast across higher ranges of potential fuel prices. Combinations of fuel switching and control technology strategies provide the most cost-effective benefits from SECAs on the US West Coast and other world regions.     

路面平整度对小汽车噪声的影响研究

噪声作为交通环境污染的主要类型之一,正呈现出越来越严重的趋势。国内外大量研究表明,车辆在城市道路上行驶时产生的噪声主要有动力噪声和轮胎噪声两部分。而平整度对这两部分噪声的噪声源都有重要的影响。本文主要研究的是城市道路中路面的平整度对小汽车的噪声产生的综合影响。结果表明,在正常行驶时(不固定排档),平整度与噪声间有明显的线性关系。这一结果使得交通噪声的预测精度得到了一定的提高。     

《燃油公约》的实施对建立和完善我国污染损害赔偿机制的作用

随着我国海洋经济的迅猛发展,海上船舶活动密度迅速增加,船舶发生污染事故的风险也随之增加,导致对船舶污染损害赔偿的压力增大。文中通过《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》的生效实施对我国污染损害赔偿机制的作用分析,提出建立和完善我国污染损害赔偿机制的意见和建议。     

振冲技术在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验与应用

洋山一期陆域工程深厚吹填砂区为粉细砂陆域,一般工程性质较差,必须采用适当的加固措施进行处理。介绍了对几种地基处理方案的比选,提出采用振冲法。较详细阐述了振冲法在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验和应用,并通过表层沉降观测数据表明,效果很好。最后得出洋山港大面积深厚粉细砂无填料振冲法地基处理成功的结论,可为同类工程借鉴。     

中俄界河水域国际航行河船检验管理方式探讨

中国是国际公约的缔约国,但目前在黑龙江水域从事国际航运的中国籍河船的检验仍然执行内河的相关标准,尚没有完全履行国际公约的要求.2020年4月,交通运输部海事局发布《船舶技术法规体系框架(2020)》,明确了制定《国际航行河船检验规则》来解决这一问题.文中通过对照现行检验技术规则内容,对中俄界河水域国际航行河船检验管理方...     

International container design regulations and ISO standards: are they fit for purpose?

Increasing stack heights on container ships and growing volumes of high density cargo have increased the loads and stresses placed on containers, requiring an assessment of current container strength specifications. Growing adoption of terminal automation is also requiring greater standardisation in the codification and marking of containers. However, it is shown that there is widespread misunderstanding of the roles of the IMO and the ISO in regulating and promoting standards in the design, dimensions, ratings, coding, marking and strength of containers. In this paper the legal status of the IMO’s Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) and ISO standards is clarified, and a common container specification framework is developed to assess the extent to which international regulations and standards are aligned. The analysis identifies gaps and inconsistencies between regulations and standards and assesses the impact these have on operations and safety. The study highlights to policy makers anomalies arising from the recent inclusion in the CSC of direct references to ISO standards. Finally, in providing a comprehensive definition of container specifications the paper provides a knowledge base to promote theory building for applied researchers in the field of container technology and operations.     

我国高职院校国际交流与合作发展探析

文章分析了高职院校国际交流与合作的内涵及意义,指出了目前高职院校国际交流与合作所面临的问题．从政府和高职院校两个方面提出促进我国高职院校国际交流与合作发展的建议。     

昆明国际航空运输市场分析

通过对近两年昆明机场各国际航线的日均客流量、日均座位数投放水平、平均客座率、班均人数、班均座位数等生产数据的统计分析,按地理区域对昆明国际航线市场进行了细分,研究了各国际航线细分市场的结构特征和发展趋势。分析表明传统的"新马泰"东南亚航线仍是市场的主体,以深度度假游为特征的旅游航线极具增长潜力,但存在航线平均客座率水平不高,机型座级与市场需求不匹配等问题。     

浅析全寿命周期成本管理及其在机场跑道大修工程中的应用

全寿命周期成本管理的研究范畴是工程项目的整个生命期,其初期投入相对较大,而后期在成本控制方面的高效和可持续性优势十分明显。该文介绍了全寿命周期成本管理在实际工程中的应用。上海虹桥国际机场东跑道大修项目基于全寿命周期成本控制的理念,经过科学的比选,采用中厚层加铺方式进行不停航施工。在项目建设期间,全寿命周期成本管理理念全方位、多角度的运用使工程也在经济、环境、社会方面均获得了良好的效益,为全国民航机场工程建设特别是老跑道的大修改造提供一个很好的样板和示范。