2014年青岛世园会公共交通保障系统分析

以世园会集约化交通方式为主导的交通保障策略为指导,基于世园会期间青岛市交通服务条件,提出在无轨道交通服务的条件下,以新增临时公交线路为主体、优化现有公交线路为补充的世园会公共交通系统.构筑以新增公交专用道为载体,世园公交快线为主导,世园公交专线、世园摆渡线等多种方式共同构成的多层次公共交通集疏运保障体系,并对每种公交方式的功能定位进行分析,在此基础上提出相应的公交线路布局方案,并对世园会公共交通系统的运力及车辆配置需求进行分析测算.通过本研究,期望能依靠普通公交建立高效率公共交通系统,保障青岛世园会的成功举办,并为未来大型活动公共交通保障方案提供一定的指导.     

昆明长水国际机场综合交通枢纽方案分析

随着我国交通基础设施建设的快速发展,各类交通体系互为合力,共同构建综合交通枢纽迎来了新机遇.以航空枢纽为核心,构建融合多种交通方式的综合交通集疏运体系,充分发挥枢纽机场的辐射范围和服务能力是大型机场综合交通枢纽规划和建设的重难点.本文通过对昆明长水国际机场改扩建工程综合交通枢纽设计方案的分析,提出了将高速铁路、轨道交通...     

ISO/TS 22163:2017技术规范变更管理要求在铁路企业的应用

从ISO/TS 22163:2017《铁路应用质量管理体系铁路组织业务管理体系要求:ISO 9001:2015在铁路领域应用的特殊要求》对变更管理的要求出发,介绍变更管理的定义、分类、原则、控制要求等内容.分析典型变更管理流程,为铁路行业相关企业提供借鉴和参考.     

Bunker levy schemes for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in international shipping

A fuel levy is one of the market-based measures (MBMs) currently under consideration at the International Maritime Organization. MBMs have been proposed to improve the energy efficiency of the shipping sector and reduce its emissions. This paper analyses the economic and environmental implications of two types of levy on shipping bunker fuels by means of an analytical model built on the cobweb theorem. A unit-tax per ton of fuel and an ad-valorem tax, enforced as a percentage of fuel prices, are examined. In both cases, a speed and fuel-consumption reduction equivalent to an improvement in the energy efficiency of the sector would be expected as a result of the regulation enforcement. The speed reduction in the unit-tax case depends on fuel prices and the tax amount, whereas in the ad-valorem case it relies upon the enforced tax percentage.Both schemes lead to industry profit decline, the extent of which depend on the structure of the levy and market conditions. Since there is concern that the costs resulting from the policy will be passed from shipping companies to their customers along the supply chain, the paper dwells on how the costs arising from the enforcement of the levy will be actually allocated between ship-owners and operators, and cargo-owners. In a market characterised by high freight rates and with no or limited excess capacity, a higher percentage of the total tax amount is transferred from ship-owners to shippers. In case of a recession the opposite happens.     

Analysis of a proposed mechanism for carbon-neutral growth in international aviation

In October 2013, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) announced that it would put in place a market-based mechanism to cap net greenhouse gas emissions from international civil aviation at 2020 levels. This paper analyses the obligations that would be placed on real airlines under an initial draft “Strawman” proposal that was originally formulated as a starting point for discussions within ICAO, and the extent to which such a proposal would succeed in keeping emissions at or below the desired level. The provisions of the ICAO proposal were then applied to more than 100 existing airlines. In order to protect commercial sensitivities, we used hierarchical cluster analysis to identify groups of different types of airlines. We report the results for these groups rather than for individual airlines. While ambiguities in the Strawman proposal complicated the analysis, we found that, depending on their size and rate of growth, airlines will be required to offset very different proportions of their emissions from international flights. A system of de minimis exemptions, as currently proposed, would benefit some rich countries as well as poor ones. Targeting such exemptions more narrowly would raise practical difficulties, which we describe. We conclude by recommending that ICAO design and implement a much simpler system; and propose one alternative.     

The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

国际防污公约(MARPOL 73/78)附则VI实施要求

介绍“防止船舶造成大气污染规则”产生的背景、主要内容和具体要求,总结船舶执行该规则时应注意的要点和必须采取的措施。     

烟台市中韩制造业国际经济技术合作的战略研究

分析了烟台市中韩制造业国际经济技术合作的现状,提出了烟台市应抓住承接韩国制造业产业转移的机遇,加强与韩国制造业的国际经济技术合作,同时承接国内发达地区外资产业的二次转移,加强人才、物流等薄弱环节的建设,积极将烟台建设成为韩国制造业的产业集聚地,在吸收国外技术转让的同时,打造自主品牌,逐步将烟台市建设成为世界制造业中心的对策。     

国际工程投标工料机费用计算

国际工程报价不同于国内项目或援外项目报价，其人工、材料单价及机械台班单价等，更多地需要从当地调查获得第一手资料，而且采用定额的工料机的消耗量也会产生变化。此文探讨如何利用国内现有定额的消耗量，在国际工程投标中迅速进行工料机用量分析和单价计算。     

上海浦东机场空间布局后评价

目前,对枢纽机场空间布局后评价的理论与实践不足。文章首先界定枢纽机场空间布局后评价的基本概念和特点,从评价指标、评价方法两个方面对后评价的技术路径进行系统梳理和总结。然后,以浦东机场为例从区位方面运用多种方法分析各个被评价指标项的实施效果,整合各个评价指标的评价效果,从而较完整地反映被评价事物的综合水平。