2020年城市轨道交通线路统计分析

截至2020年末,中国大陆地区共45个城市开通城轨交通运营线路7 969.7 km,全年累计完成客运量175.9亿人次。57个城市当年完成建设投资6 286亿元,在建线路总长6 797.5 km。累计67个城市的轨道交通建设规划获批并公示,扣除已运营线路长度后,在实施的获批建设规划线路总长7 085.5 km。“十三五”5年间,共计新增运营线路长度为4 351.7 km;累计完成客运量969.4亿人次;累计完成建设投资26 278.7亿元。运营、建设、规划线路规模和投资额跨越式增长,城轨交通持续快速健康发展。     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics — Part 1: Ferry dataset

For the design of maritime structures in waves, the extreme values of responses such as motions and wave impact loads are required. Waves and wave-induced responses are stochastic, so such responses should always be related to a probability. This information is not easy to obtain for strongly non-linear responses such as wave impact forces. Usually class rules or direct assessment via experiments or numerical simulations are applied to obtain extreme values for design. This brings up questions related to the convergence of extreme values: how long do we need to test in order to obtain converged statistics for the target duration? Or, vice versa: given testing data, what is the uncertainty of the associated statistics? Often the test or simulation duration is cut up in ‘seeds’ or ‘realisations’, with an exposure duration of one or three hours based on the typical duration of a steady environmental condition at sea, or the time that a ship sails a single course. The required number of seeds for converged results depends on the type of structure and response, the exposure duration, and the desired probability level. The present study provides guidelines for the convergence of most probable maximum (MPM) wave crest heights and MPM green water wave impact forces on a ferry. Long duration experiments were done to gain insight into the required number of seeds, and the effect of fitting. The present paper presents part 1 of this study; part 2 [1] presents similar results for wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

Big data in public transportation: a review of sources and methods

ABSTRACT

The collection of big data, as an alternative to traditional resource-intensive manual data collection approaches, has become significantly more feasible over the past decade. The availability of such data, coupled with more sophisticated predictive statistical techniques, has contributed to an increase in attention towards the application of these data, particularly for transportation analysis. Within the transportation literature, there is a growing emphasis on developing sources of commonly collected public transportation data into more powerful analytical tools. A commonly held belief is that application of big data to transportation problems will yield new insights previously unattainable through traditional transportation data sets. However, there exist many ambiguities related to what constitutes big data, the ethical implications of big data collection and application, and how to best utilize the emerging data sets. The existing literature exploring big data provides no clear and consistent definition. While the collection of big data has grown and its application in both research and practice continues to expand, there is a significant disparity between methods of analysis applied to such data. This paper summarizes the recent literature on sources of big data and commonly applied methods used in its application to public transportation problems. We assess predominant big data sources, most frequently studied topics, and methodologies employed. The literature suggests smart card and automated data are the two big data sources most frequently used by researchers to conduct public transit analyses. The studies reviewed indicate that big data has largely been used to understand transit users’ travel behavior and to assess public transit service quality. The techniques reported in the literature largely mirror those used with smaller data sets. The application of more advanced statistical methods, commonly associated with big data, has been limited to a small number of studies. In order to fully capture the value of big data, new approaches to analysis will be necessary.     

基于贝叶斯智能学习OD矩阵估计与网络拓扑优化研究

OD矩阵（Origin—Destination Matrix）是路网规划与评价的基础数据。以往OD矩阵数据是通过交通调查的方法获得，这往往耗费了大量的人力和物力。运用贝叶斯定理的先验分布原理，构造贝叶斯智能学习的网络拓扑结构，提出由各路段交通流量的观测值来推算估计以及预测OD矩阵的一种有效方法。利用此方法可以准确估计出OD矩阵数据，同时在优化网络拓扑中，能对未来交通量的分配进行预测。对比分析表明，此方法能有效地提高交通运输规划的效率以及交通评价准确性。     

路面横向力系数统计评价方法研究

通过对横向力系数SFC实测数据样本分布特征的验证,同时依据现行规程数据整理方法的规定,推荐出新的横向力系数统计评价方法。该方法能够准确地指明危险路段,更加客观地反映路面实际抗滑能力状况。     

高阶统计量在主动声呐混响信号谱估计中的应用

对主动声呐混响信号进行谱估计,用高阶统计量对混响信号建立自回归模型,并建立基于高阶统计量的Yule-walker方程,解方程得到估计系数.将高阶统计量谱估计的结果与二阶统计量估计的结果进行比较,得出高阶统计量对自回归模型的谱估计优于二阶的结果.高阶统计量能弥补二阶统计量无法反映信号相位特性的不足,提高谱估计的一致性.     

基于图像点云空间测距算法的隧道初期支护整体变形监测技术研究与应用

为快速、准确获取施工隧道初期支护整体及局部变形信息,基于计算机视觉算法获取的隧道初期支护图像稀疏点云和密集点云数据,结合基于Hausdorff 距离的整体模型和基于最小二乘拟合平面的局部模型各自的特点,提出将两者相结合的图像点云空间测距算法。该方法可为每个点保留整体模型和局部模型分别计算的距离值中的较小值,解决前者对点云密度要求高以及后者局部拟合平面存在较大偏差问题,实现多期隧道图像点云直接比较分析,简化计算步骤和后处理过程,提高隧道初期支护变形监测速率和精度。通过对云南香丽高速公路白岩子隧道进口左线ZK61+990~ +994 段初期支护整体变形的监测分析,结果表明: 该技术能直观、可视化反映隧道初期支护整体变形情况,计算结果准确、可靠。