The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法

通过对现行国民经济效益计算方法的研究,运用交通分配理论论证了现行计算方法中运量分析存在的问题。依据交通分配理论和消费者剩余理论,将交通建设项目吸引区内整个路网作为研究对象,建立了基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法。实例计算表明该方法的有效性。     

国道210线树林召至东胜段公路改建工程地质问题分析

以国道210线树林召-东胜段公路改建工程为研究对象,经过现场地质调查,从地形地貌、区域构造、地层特点及路基填料适应性等方面对其进行宏观地质评价。本研究对附近地质背景相近的公路建设项目评价有一定借鉴意义。     

国防交通设施设备建设与管理的思考——研读《国防动员法》后感

通过剖析国防交通领域"与国防密切相关的建设项目与重要产品"的部分条款,提出在国防交通设施设备建设与管理的操作中可能出现的三个问题:什么样的产品可列入目录?列入目录产品如何管理?列入目录项目与产品贯彻国防要求的标准如何?并阐述了个人对于这三个问题的解答。可为国防交通设施设备的目录化管理实现信息化跨越、为贯彻国防要求实现操作简单化提供参考。     

The impacts of household structure on the individual stochastic travel and out‐of‐home activity time budgets

The amount of time individuals and households spend in travelling and in out‐of‐door activities can be seen as a result of complex daily interactions between household members, influenced by opportunities and constraints, which vary from day to day. Extending the deterministic concept of travel time budget to a stochastic term and applying a stochastic frontier model to a dataset from the 2004 UK National Travel Survey, this study examines the hidden stochastic limit and the variations of the individual and household travel time and out‐of‐home activity duration—concepts associated with travel time budget. The results show that most individuals may not have reached the limit of their ability to travel and may still be able to spend further time in travel activities. The analysis of the model outcomes and distribution tests show that among a range of employment statuses, only full‐time workers' out‐of‐home time expenditure has reached its limit. Also observed is the effect of having children in the household: Children reduce the flexibility of hidden constraints of adult household members' out‐of‐home time, thus reducing their ability to be further engaged with out‐of‐home activities. Even when out‐of‐home trips are taken into account in the analysis, the model shows that the dependent children's in‐home responsibility reduces the ability of an individual to travel to and to be engaged with out‐of‐home activities. This study also suggests that, compared with the individual travel time spent, the individual out‐of‐home time expenditure may perform as a better budget indicator in drawing the constraints of individual space–time prisms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

105国道德聊界至东阿段路基施工翻浆问题研究

就105国道德聊界至东阿段施工中遇到的翻浆问题,分析其产生翻浆的原因,并找出解决问题的方法,以供同行参考借鉴。     

基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法

通过对现行国民经济效益计算方法的研究．运用交通分配理论论证了现行计算方法中运量分析存在的问题。依据交通分配理论和消费者剩余理论，将交通建设项目吸引区内整个路网作为研究对象，建立了基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法。实例计算表明该方法的有效性。     

2020年度交通与运载工程学科国家自然科学基金管理工作综述

国家自然科学基金委员会于2020年新增交通与运载工程一级学科(E12)。介绍了学科成立首年科学基金项目的申请、受理、评审和资助情况;描述了学科资助领域、二级代码及内涵;介绍了学科规划、未来发展、重点及以上类别的项目布局,阐述了推动成果转化与未来申请代码调整等学科管理工作。2020年度交通与运载工程学科接受各类项目申请1 241项,受理项目申请1 231项,未通过形式审查不予受理的项目仅占申报总量的0.8%;2020年度交通与运载工程学科涉及申请依托单位共计260家,申请数前三的依托单位分别为同济大学、长安大学和西南交通大学,面上项目、青年基金项目和地区基金项目的整体上会率分别为23.9%、26.5%和21.2%;2020年度交通与运载工程学科共资助197项,合计经费8 970万元,面上项目、青年基金、地区基金各资助102、81和10项,直接经费平均资助强度分别为58万元、24万元和35万元;未来学科将进一步针对学科研究力量分布、关键科学问题、发展趋势、中远期发展、实现“交通强国”面临的重大瓶颈问题以及科学代码的优化调整等方面开展战略调研,为学科未来发展和决策提供支撑;未来对学科代码及研究方向的优化和调整将进一步突出交通行业特色,引导科技工作者聚焦不同交通运输系统自身发展特点与“卡脖子问题”背后的科学问题,加快研究成果落地,促进交通行业技术进步,支撑“交通强国”建设。     

印度应对城市机动化策略

为应对快速的城市机动化进程及其带来的负面影响,印度政府早期采取诸如修建立交桥和拓宽道路等办法,结果却导致了更多的机动车数量增加和更严重的交通拥堵。为此,印度政府实施了＂国家城市交通政策＂,重点投资公共交通和非机动交通方式;同时还制定了＂国家城市更新计划＂,以此建立鼓励地方政府执行国家政策的激励机制,提高对城市基础设施的投资水平。这些创新政策的实施,推动了一系列公共交通项目的发展,也促进了城市内部交通体制改革和城市综合交通发展规划的制定。