快捷货车车轮辐板疲劳强度研究

基于结构有限元法,分别按欧洲铁路和日本铁路提出的车轮机械设计载荷和载荷工况,对快捷货车车轮辐板的疲劳强度进行分析。计算结果表明车轮辐板疲劳性能满足无限寿命设计准则要求,其疲劳薄弱区域位于辐板内侧面与轮毂圆弧过渡部位。     

车轮外形设计的数值优化方法

介绍了一种根据既定的轮轨接触特性来设计铁道车辆车轮外形的数值优化方法。     

不同辐板车轮在制动热负荷作用下的应力变形状态

分析了与各种制动工况有关的热负荷作用下辐板形状不同的整体辗钢车轮的应力变形状态,给出了分析和计算结果。     

城市轨道交通支承块式无砟轨道轮轨噪声研究

在已建立的轮轨噪声预测模型STTN的基础上,对城市轨道交通列车在支承块式无砟轨道上运行时的轮轨噪声进行了预测分析,并对城市轨道交通列车在支承块式无砟轨道上运行时产生的轮轨噪声与在有砟轨道上运行时的轮轨噪声进行了比较。列车以70km／h的速度运行时,轮轨噪声主要分布在中心频率约为500—2000Hz的范围内,其中钢轨辐射的主要是中、高频噪声,车轮辐射的主要是高频噪声,而支承块则辐射中、低频噪声。对总噪声贡献最大的是钢轨,而支承块及车轮的贡献几乎可以忽略。轮轨噪声随运行速度的增大而显著增大,其中车轮噪声受运行速度的影响最为显著,钢轨次之,支承块最小;在轨道旁,支承块式无砟轨道轮轨噪声比有砟轨道的大2．8—4．5dB（A）,因此必须采取切实有效措施,将支承块式无砟轨道的轮轨噪声降到有砟轨道的水平甚至更低。     

大型货车对线路动力影响的研究

基于轮轨系统耦合动力学原理，应用车辆一轨道垂向系统统一模型及计算机仿真软件，分析了大型铁路货车对线路的动力影响与危害，并讨论了宜所采用的车辆技术对策。通过对新设计的大型货车方案进行轮轨动力作用性能预测，论证了我国发展低动力作用大型货车运输体系的切实可行性。     

AC纤维沥青混合料性能试验研究

车辙是AC沥青砼路面迫切需要解决的一大难题,车辙的产生使道路的服务水平下降.本文主要通过车辙试验,研究了加入德兰尼特、木质素纤维的AC沥青砼的动稳定度和变形量及其影响因素,并简要介绍了其他相关路用性能.旨在利用纤维对沥青的吸附稳定机理,探讨一种适用于高温潮湿环境既耐久,稳定性又好的沥青砼路面.试验得出,掺入德兰尼特纤维对混合料改善效果最好.并探讨了高温稳定性指标(动稳定度和相对变形指标)的选择.     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

黄海BOB系列客车轮罩总成的改进

BOB系列客车是黄海公司为满足2008年北京奥运会需求精心设计的中高档城市客车。本文以黄海DD6129S06低地板城市客车为例,详细叙述其轮罩结构的改进。     

旋转车轮对汽车外部复杂流场的影响

车轮影响着整个汽车的外流场特性,车体周围的流场由于旋转车轮的存在而复杂化。通过对带有车轮的汽车模型进行数值模拟计算．比较无车轮、静止车轮和旋转车轮的计算结果,得到旋转车轮对汽车的尾涡结构、气动阻力和气动升力有重要影响。车轮在汽车外部复杂流场的数值计算中不能被忽略。