大型客运站调机运用优化模型及算法

对铁路客运站调机运用进行科学合理的优化分析,对于提高客运站工作效率及保证旅客列车正点到发具有非常重要的意义。通过对客运站调机作业分析,建立客运站调机作业运用优化决策模型,将调机作业顺序模型转化为车辆数固定的、带时间窗口的车辆路径问题。采用模拟退火算法,实现调机运用的合理优化,并对模型和算法进行验证,得出优化效果明显的结论。     

Trip generation and distribution: the inconsistency problem and a possible remedy

There are many shortcomings commonly associated with the conventional urban transportation modeling process. This paper focuses on one of the more important problems — the inconsistency between trip generation and distribution components — and suggests a possible way of alleviating it. The suggested approach involves sorting out the independent effects on tripmaking of origin, destination and travel cost characteristics, and introducing accessibility measures explicitly into the modeling process. The resulting modeling framework can be used to obtain consistent estimates of trip generation and distribution quantities which are responsive to changes in the transportation and spatial systems.     

Vibration control in train–bridge–track systems

To study the problems associated with vibration control of train–bridge–track systems a mathematical model with the capability of representing supplementary vibrational control devices is proposed. The train system is assumed as rigid bodies supported on double-deck suspension mechanism with semi-active features. The bridge system is modeled using the modal approach. Vibration control for bridge responses is provided by tuned mass dampers. A non-classical incremental Eigen analysis is proposed to trace the system characteristics across the time. In an example, the capability of the proposed model in investigating the vibration control prospects of a bridge–train system is shown. The results indicate the effectiveness of active suspension mechanism in reducing train's body movements, particularly the pitching angle and the vertical accelerations. Accordingly, the results also verify the potential of TMD devices in reducing the bridge responses at resonance motions.     

Flexible feeder transit route design to enhance service accessibility in urban area

To improve the accessibility of transit system in urban areas, this paper presents a flexible feeder transit routing model that can serve irregular‐shaped networks. By integrating the cost efficiency of fixed‐route transit system and the flexibility of demand responsive transit system, the proposed model is capable of letting operating feeder busses temporarily deviate from their current route so as to serve the reported demand locations. With an objective of minimizing total bus travel time, a new operational mode is then proposed to allow busses to serve passengers on both street sides. In addition, when multiple feeder busses are operating in the target service area, the proposed model can provide an optimal plan to locate the nearest one to response to the demands. A three‐stage solution algorithm is also developed to yield meta‐optimal solutions to the problem in a reasonable amount of time by transforming the problem into a traveling salesman problem. Numerical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model as well as the heuristic solution approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于运行速度的公路几何线型优化设计探讨

首先阐述了运行速度的基本概念和运行速度的计算方法和评价准则。然后建立了运用遗传算法对公路几何线形进行优化的方法和步骤。最后提出了基于遗传优化算法的公路几何线形设计的方法和流程,为公路设计人员提供新的设计思路和方法。     

Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

A study on smart parking guidance algorithm

Parking problem becomes one of major issues in the city transportation management since the spatial resource of a city is limited and the parking cost is expensive. Lots of cars on the road should spend unnecessary time and consume energy during searching for parking due to limited parking space. To cope with these limitations and give more intelligent solutions to drivers in the selection of parking facility, this study proposes a smart parking guidance algorithm. The proposed algorithm supports drivers to find the most appropriate parking facility considering real-time status of parking facilities in a city. To suggest the most suitable parking facility, several factors such as driving distance to the guided parking facility, walking distance from the guided parking facility to destination, expected parking cost, and traffic congestion due to parking guidance, are considered in the proposed algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulation tests have been carried out. The proposed algorithm helps to maximize the utilization of space resources of a city, and reduce unnecessary energy consumption and CO₂ emission of wandering cars since it is designed to control the utilization of parking facility efficiently and reduce traffic congestion due to parking space search.     

一种基于改进的减缩模型修正方法

提出一种改进的模型修正方法,该方法采用多目标优化技术使得结构的减缩模型与实测结果相吻合。即首先建立一个多目标优化模型,其中包括一个关于单元修正系数的隐式非线性特征方程组,然后通过遗传算法来求解该多目标优化问题,来同时实现模型修正和损伤检测。文中通过对一个悬臂梁的数值仿真,表明本文所提出的方法的有效性,即在较大的测量噪声的情况下,同时具有模型修正和损伤检测两种功能,且较改进前的基于迭代的方法具有更好的噪声鲁棒性。     

软弱土（φ≠0）地基上加筋路堤稳定性分析

探讨软弱土(φ≠0)地基加筋路堤稳定性分析方法。针对传统分析方法因对加筋材料的加筋作用估计不足，导致计算结果过于保守问题，文中在充分考虑加筋体的加筋作用下，提出了加筋路堤稳定性分析新的改进分析计算方法，并同时提出采用演化算法搜索临界滑动面和最小安全系数。算例计算结果表明，提出的加筋路堤稳定性分析方法与工程实际情况吻合较好，而且混合演化算法能有效地搜索到路堤所有的临界滑动面。     

具有可变超松弛因子的OSEM在PET重建中的应用

基于最大似然期望法(ML-EM)重建的图像质量好,但因其收敛速度太慢,而难以直接应用于临床.有序子集最大期望法(OSEM)具有较高的重建图像质量和较短的计算时间,超松弛因子(OR)有可灵活调节超松弛因子和加速收敛两种功效.文中将OSEM和OR有机地结合起来用于PET图像重建,形成可变超松弛因子的OSEM重建算法(OR-OSEM).该方法综合了上述两种算法的优点,具有可根据需要灵活改变子集数和超松弛因子的功能.计算机仿真模拟和临床PET投影数据的重建结果表明了该方法的有效性.