基于响应面和遗传算法的柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数优化

基于台架试验数据,利用响应面法建立了某工程机械用柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数与性能的近似高精度模型,基于此模型采用遗传算法对瞬态过程喷油参数分别进行离线优化研究。结果表明:采用单目标优化确定的燃油消耗率(BSFC)、NO_x比排放量和颗粒质量(PM)比排放量的优化极限分别可达180.23g/(kW·h),8.92g/(kW·h)和0.011 8g/(kW·h),相对原机可降低多达4.5%,34.0%和37.3%。双目标优化的Pareto解集表明,相比于同时优化BSFC和NO_x比排放量,BSFC和PM比排放量更容易同时得到优化。采用权重因子适应度函数的三目标优化结果对应的BSFC,NO_x比排放量及PM比排放量分别为184.70g/(kW·h),12.62g/(kW·h)和0.012 2g/(kW·h),较原机分别降低2.1%,6.6%和35.3%。改进优化模型后,性能优化Pareto解集对应的BSFC和PM比排放量水平都非常接近其优化极限,但NO_x比排放量相对其优化极限仍然较高。     

Influence of AC system design on the realisation of tractive efforts by high adhesion locomotives

The main task for heavy haul railway operators is to reduce the cost of exported minerals and enhance the long-term viability of rail transport operations through increasing productivity by running longer and heavier trains. The common opinion is that this is achievable by means of implementation of high adhesion locomotives with advanced AC traction technologies. Modern AC high adhesion locomotives are very complex mechatronic systems and can be designed with two alternative traction topologies of either bogie or individual axle controls. This paper describes a modelling approach for these two types of AC traction systems with the application of an advanced co-simulation methodology, where an electrical system and a traction algorithm are modelled in Matlab/Simulink, and a mechanical system is modelled in a multibody software package. Although the paper concentrates on the analysis of the functioning for these two types of traction control systems, the choice of reference slip values also has an influence on the performance of both systems. All these design variations and issues have been simulated for various adhesion conditions at the wheel–rail interface and their influence on the high traction performance of a locomotive equipped with two three-axle bogies has been discussed.     

基于环境风险控制的危险废物选址-路径问题研究

为降低回收处理危险废物的环境危害,提出了基于环境风险控制的危险废物选址-路径问题,全面地评估了危险废物回收管理的环境风险.根据环境承载力的理论,设计了环境风险的度量方法.考虑废物残余的危险性、危险废物类型和加工技术种类的多样性、危险废物和加工技术的相容性,建立了成本最小化和环境风险最小化的0-1混合整数线性规划模型.针对双目标选址-路径模型的复杂性特点,设计了多阶段聚类遗传算法.以重庆危险废物物流管理为例,验证了模型和算法的有效性.结果表明:模型和算法能够为实际管理提供合理的选址-路径优化方案,且在两个不同对比条件下,相较于已有的模型,基于环境风险控制的优化方案能够分别降低33.85％和18.16％的总成本.     

公交联动发车模型的研究

乘客的候车时间可分为2部分(在出发站点的等待时间及在换乘站的换乘时间),仅考虑换乘时间最短的区域公交协调调度模型无法降低乘客在出发站点的等待时间。针对此问题,提出了公交联动发车的概念及需满足的条件。在对乘客类型分类的基础上,分析了弹性乘客候车时间的计算方法,统计了各类型乘客的各部分候车时间,以所有乘客总的候车时间最短为目标建立公交联动发车模型。针对模型变量多的特点,选用遗传算法进行了求解。采用实例对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,在维持发车间隔不变的基础上,联动发车模型较区域协调调度模型在降低乘客候车时间方面具有明显的优势,乘客候车时间降低了15.2%。      

液压半主动悬架的自适应神经网络控制

提出了液压半主动悬架系统的自适应神经网络控制策略 ,分析了系统模型及自适应神经网络控制器的设计和实现 ,并对控制效果进行了仿真研究。结果表明通过这种控制策略可以得到比较好的控制效果。     

软弱土（φ≠0）地基上加筋路堤稳定性分析

探讨软弱土(φ≠0)地基加筋路堤稳定性分析方法。针对传统分析方法因对加筋材料的加筋作用估计不足，导致计算结果过于保守问题，文中在充分考虑加筋体的加筋作用下，提出了加筋路堤稳定性分析新的改进分析计算方法，并同时提出采用演化算法搜索临界滑动面和最小安全系数。算例计算结果表明，提出的加筋路堤稳定性分析方法与工程实际情况吻合较好，而且混合演化算法能有效地搜索到路堤所有的临界滑动面。     

An approach to geometric optimisation of railway catenaries

The quality of current collection becomes a limiting factor when the aim is to increase the speed of the present railway systems. In this work an attempt is made to improve current collection quality optimising catenary geometry by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). As contact wire height and dropper spacing are thought to be highly influential parameters, they are chosen as the optimisation variables. The results obtained show that a GA can be used to optimise catenary geometry to improve current collection quality measured in terms of the standard deviation of the contact force. Furthermore, it is highlighted that apart from the usual pre-sag, other geometric parameters should also be taken into account when designing railway catenaries.     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

高速公路突发事件救援车辆诱导

为了提升高速公路突发事件应急救援效率,将交通状况、在途潜在风险等信息纳入高速公路突发事件救援车辆诱导研究中,基于实时和时变路网环境下的交通信息,以车辆出行时间最小,路径可靠性最强为目标,构建基于在途时间和路径可靠性的车辆诱导最优化模型。设计一种实时信息和时变信息结合策略,使模型规划路径随路网交通量变化而相应做出阶段性调整,采用滚动时域策略将该动态决策问题转化为一系列离散时间点的静态决策问题,用于计算应急救援路径时间;在此基础上,考虑到高速公路突发事件发生后路网交通事故率升高,同时容易发生拥堵的状况,进一步将救援规划路径可靠性作为决策目标,即应急救援车辆规划路径在面对道路中断或者严重拥堵时是否拥有更多的调整策略,更新救援路径尽快完成救援任务;为了便于量化计算将上述目标转化为统一的价值成本,共同决定救援车辆的行驶路径。研究结果表明：当行驶路段交叉口间距离较长,中间无其他道路连通,行驶过程中由于突发事件破坏趋势蔓延导致道路中断或拥堵等意外发生时,无法更新调整救援路径,最终导致救援延误;因此,基于救援时间和路径可靠性的车辆诱导最优化模型能够克服以上问题,进一步提高救援效率。