A hierarchical rule-based land use extraction system using geographic and remotely sensed data: A case study for residential uses

Lack of detailed land use (LU) information and of efficient data gathering methods have made modeling of urban systems difficult. This study aims to develop a hierarchical rule-based LU extraction system using very high resolution (VHR) remotely sensed imagery and geographic vector data. Land cover information extracted from remote sensing and several types of geographic data from the study area, City of Fredericton, Canada, are fused into a comprehensive database, in order to develop a sophisticated LU Extraction Expert System (LUEES). This paper illustrates how the proposed LUEES though a case study for residential uses in the study area. Morphological (individual-based) analysis at the building-level is carried out through a step-wise binary logistic regression model, which differentiates residential and non-residential buildings and results in an overall accuracy of 93.1%. The results derived from morphological analysis are then subject to a post-correction process using a spatial arrangement analysis, in order to further mitigate the misclassification issues arising from the morphological analysis. In this regard, Gabriel Graph connectivity examines the spatial structure and arrangements of urban features concerning different LU types. It is found that the spatial arrangement analysis further enhances the residential LU classification accuracy, which gives rise to an overall accuracy of 97.4%. It is believed that, equipped with such a powerful LU data collection tool and resulting detailed/accurate LU data, urban planners/modelers should be able to more reliably and precisely represent/predict economic interactions, activity locations, space and housing developments, business expansion, and trip patterns.     

Workshop 3A: Governance,contracting, ownership and competition issues in public transport: Looking up not down

Workshop 3A focussed on matters of institutional design that seem likely to improve public transport outcomes. It started by defining high level outcome goals, as measures of ultimate public transport success, and then identified the major societal issues that public transport systems can help to resolve. These issues were separately defined for Southern African and western settings. The importance of taking an integrated approach to transport, particularly land use/transport integration, was seen as fundamental to goal achievement. Workshop papers provided many and varied examples of this importance, ranging from PPPs for major public transport projects to system design issues and contracting out of services. The Workshop included detailed discussion on paratransit development in Southern Africa, where relationship management is proving to be critical, in-line with much previous Thredbo discussion about the important role of trusting partnerships. Parallels and contrasts were drawn with paratransit in western settings. Competition in passenger rail was also a focus, with some questioning of the benefits of franchising. Discussion concluded by proposing recommendations for policy and research and suggesting agenda items for future Thredbo Conferences.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

增量迭代式软件开发中的需求分析

需求分析是软件开发过程中的关键环节,增量迭代式软件开发是目前应用较多的软件开发过程之一。本文从需求的获取、分类及其在迭代过程中的应用等几方面探讨如何做好软件开发的需求分析。     

BRT推动TOD在我国适用性研究

随着我国经济日新月异的发展,城市化和机动化的现象越来越不可忽视。随之而来的是城市无序蔓延,交通、能源和环境问题日益突出。因此,我们的城市中心地带交通拥堵、空气质量恶化已成为重大难题。为了解决这些问题,研究了世界上其他类似国家和地区,吸取他们的经验和教训．提出了用快速公交推动城市发展的建议。论文分析了快速公交和公交引导发展的优势及适用性,比较了快速公交和其他公交模式的差异,最后建议在我国现阶段用快速公交来引导发展,结合土地使用和城市规划,实现城市的健康、高效、可持续发展。     

创建平均地权按年收费的土地利用管理模式

从人对土地的生存和发展权出发,分析了传统和现行土地利用制度的缺陷和无法解决的问题,赋予平均地权的新思想,提出了实行按年征收土地使用费的设想和措施。实行按年征收土地使用费有利于推动城市化进程,有利于土地资源从低收益向高收益转变,使土地得到最合理利用。     

VGELE SUPER1800沥青混凝土摊铺机使用

重点叙述了进口Ｓ１８００型沥青混凝土摊铺机在实际施工中自动找平装置的使用和机械运行控制参数的确定，对摊铺机的运行准备和日常保养进行了简要提示。     

Modal split models based on car availability: the application of such models in studies of medium sized towns

This paper discusses the need for a new approach to urban transportation modelling in recognition that at least in medium sized towns the choice of model is largely dominated by car availability.     

船用中速柴油机润滑油的使用和管理

文章分析了船用中速筒状活塞柴油机润滑油的主要作用,阐述了船用中速柴油机润滑油选用、使用和管理,并提出了在使用船用润滑油过程中的具体注意事项。     

被征地农民问题对经济长期增长的影响研究

随着工业化与城镇化的快速推进,土地流转过程中产生了大量的被征地农民。由于法律规定不完备、补偿标准偏低、以及残缺的农村社会保障制度等原因,导致了被征地农民的利益缺失,给经济持续稳定发展和现代化建设带来了不同方面、不同角度的影响。本文通过分析被征地农民面临的困境及原因,指出其对经济长期增长的影响,最后得出完善土地征用制度、建立合理的社会保障体系、大力解决农民失地后的再就业问题等结论。