如何引导学生积极主动的学习

不同的课堂教学心理环境会将教学活动导向不同的境界和水平,产生不同的教学效果。师生是课堂教学活动的主体。课堂教学活动的效果怎样,在很大程度上取决于师生的精神面貌、工作和学习热情及其努力程度。     

铁路车辆运行噪声的源强参数

通过分析比较，确定了以单节车辆运行的声暴露级LSEO作为铁路列车运行噪声预测的基本源强参量，并给出了确定LSE0的计算方法和测量方法。在现场试验的基础上，确定了客、货列车在基本运行和线路条件下的源强参数值，可用于铁路列车运行噪声的预测。     

我国地铁环境振动现状及控制措施

通过对我国北京、上海、广州等城市既有地铁线路两侧环境振动实测结果及理论分析，得到：我国地铁隧道壁处的垂向Z振级为75～110dB；距离隧道中心线10～50m范围内，振动水平可达到GB10070—1988《城市区域环境振动标准》中居住区域标准限值的要求；同时给出我国地铁既有振动控制措施效果比较，其中浮置板道床减振效果最佳，其次为轨道减振器，各种弹性扣件也有一定减振效果。     

氯盐环境条件下混凝土氯离子侵蚀模型及其研究进展

通过对钢筋混凝土氯离子腐蚀机理的分析,综合讨论氯盐环境条件下影响混凝土氯离子侵蚀的各种机理。总结国内外对混凝土氯离子侵蚀模型的最新研究进展,并分析评价了考虑多种机理氯离子侵蚀模型的特点和适用条件,为氯盐环境条件下混凝土的耐久性评估提供参考。     

协同设计软件及其面向对象实现架构

提出了一种基于计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)的协同设计软件架构，用基于组员标识和面向对象的子场景对象数据来建立工作组整体场景和基于客户／服务器模式的分布式计算与处理机制的协同设计方法。建立了一个新的通信层次——协同层(Collaborative Layer)来代替传统的会话层与表示层用以实现群体(工作组)之间的通信和协作。     

绿色港口建设探讨

介绍了绿色港口的概念，并在新建泊位的绿色化、设备购置的绿色化、作业过程的绿色化和管理绿色化这四方面进行了探讨，同时提出了建设绿色港口过程中一些有益的做法和经验，并对存在的问题提出了解决思路。     

Decreasing oxygen concentrations in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, as confirmed by benthic foraminifera, and the possible association with NAO

The deep Gullmar Fjord on the Swedish west coast may be subject to a trend of decreasing oxygen content of the bottom-water. Due to a non-uniform frequency of oxygen measurements before and after 1980, and small differences in the minimum concentrations, it is difficult to assess with certainty if this is true or not. We have used benthic foraminifera from three ultra-high resolution sediment records to try to find out if such a trend exists. The sediment records comprise the time between 1930 and 1996, with an almost year-based temporal resolution. The foraminiferal records show a significant change in faunal composition during the mid-1970's when it altered from a common Skagerrak fauna to an assemblage characterized by an opportunistic, low oxygen tolerant species; Stainforthia fusiformis. This species is an indicator of low oxygen environments of many Scandinavian fjords. The timing of this faunal change coincides with one of the first recorded severe low oxygen events in the Gullmar Fjord in the winter of 1973/1974. The change suggests that the Gullmar Fjord has actually been subject to a decrease in bottom-water oxygen concentrations. The reason for this change is not clear but here, for the first time, we present sediment records that suggest that there is a causal relation between variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices and the marine environment. In the early 1970s the NAO-indices altered from a mainly negative phase towards a mainly positive period which is still ongoing. Positive NAO-indices (winter values) in the Skagerrak region are generally marked by westerly winds which normally prevent the exchange of bottom-water in the fjords, i.e., the oxygenation of the sea floor and the supply of oxygen to benthic life.     

上海市杨浦大桥工程振动环境影响评价

杨浦大桥的工程施工和建成后的营运会带来多方面的环境问题。本文针对地面振动环境现状、施工中打桩振动和建成后营运过程中交通振动环境等方面进行评价和预测。     

Effects of waste disposal on benthic faunal succession on the abyssal seafloor

Strategies to predict, and thus limit, potentially detrimental environmental impacts of abyssal disposal of wastes are severely limited by our lack of knowledge of deep-sea processes and lack of opportunity to directly study waste disposal in abyssal environments. Probable successional sequences following burial of benthic faunas by sewage sludge and dredged material on the abyssal seafloor are drawn by analogy with well-known processes in shallow-marine water. Scales of change and recovery of abyssal benthic faunas from episodic deposition of waste material are examined by extrapolation from what is currently known about turbidite sedimentary provinces, in particular, the Venezuela Abyssal Plain and the Great Meteor East area of the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Results suggest that initial benthic faunal recolonization would take place within years following episodic depositions of waste on the abyssal seafloor. Anoxic conditions or chemical inhibitory effects may delay initial benthic recolonization for hundreds of years. Establishment of equilibrium benthic faunal assemblages probably takes hundreds to potentially thousands of years. Potentially detrimental effects dictate that the surface areas of individual waste deposits should be minimized and the deposits should be isolated by capping with nontoxic materials or chemical barriers.     

城市规划的理论内核和规划指导原则研究

通过简述国内外城市规划中在生态和环境方面的反思,归纳提出了城市规划的理论内核主要是城市生态与环境学和系统规划评价原理.并探讨了山水城市规划因其自然地理的特殊性,使山丘区自然生态地理学和山水人文地理学成为其城市规划理论的特性内核.最后按此特性内核的观点提出了山水城市规划指导原则方面的6点特殊性.