Investigating the subjective and objective factors influencing teenagers’ school travel mode choice – An integrated choice and latent variable model

In this paper, we apply Bhat and Dubey’s (2014) new probit-kernel based Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model formulation to analyze children’s travel mode choice to school. The new approach offered significant advantages, as it allowed us to incorporate three latent variables with a large data sample and with 10 ordinal indicators of the latent variables, and still estimate the model without any convergence problems. The data used in the empirical analysis originates from a survey undertaken in Cyprus in 2012. The results underscore the importance of incorporating subjective attitudinal variables in school mode choice modeling. The results also emphasize the need to improve bus and walking safety, and communicate such improvements to the public, especially to girls and women and high income households. The model application also provides important information regarding the value of investing in bicycling and walking infrastructure.     

一种特征库可更新的相关反馈图像检索方法

相关反馈方法是对基于内容图像检索系统的有效改进,它将人类视觉特性逐步引入检索过程,有效地减小了图像低层特征表示与图像语义理解之间的差异。但传统的相关反馈算法存在反馈次数多,且无法积累用户反馈信息等缺点。本文针对这些缺点,在相关反馈图像检索系统中引入了可更新特征库。即在原始特征索引库的基础之上引入了一个用户可修改的特征索引库,系统可以将用户多次反馈的信息逐步嵌入到这个特征索引库中。与此同时,我们提出了一种基于多分辨率分析的彩色图像纹理特征描述方法,并将其用于特征库的构建中。我们在一个含有10000幅图像的图像库上所做的测试结果表明:与Illinois大学的MARS系统相比[1],本系统可明显提高系统检索准确率和相关反馈的收敛速度。     

Car sharing in Norwegian urban areas: Examining interest,intention and the decision to enrol

This article’s objective is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic and residential built environments, directly and indirectly through personality traits, attitudes and car ownership, on willingness to use car sharing in the case of Norway. This is done by examining multiple dimensions of the adoption process: the stated general interest and intention to participate in car sharing among non-members, as well as the decision to enrol as a car sharing user by comparing members to non-members. In this study, we analyse web survey data from 2414 residents from urban areas in Norway, using three structural equation models. Our findings indicate that the adoption of car sharing is complexly related to car ownership, with a noteworthy discrepancy indicating greater car sharing interest, but lower car sharing membership rates among car owners. We also find that environmental concerns exert a clear positive effect on all three dimensions of the adoption process. Being careful with money is linked negatively to interest and intention to participate, while being sociable and agreeable exerts no effect. Car sharers’ sociodemographic profiles are typically that of early adopters, but many of the effects, especially on interest, are mediated by car ownership, environmental consciousness and/or being careful with money, rather than directly on the sociodemographic profiles. Finally, we find car sharing to be more prominent in denser areas, but we did not discover a clear connection with access to public transport.     

基于站点实时关联度的短时公交客流预测方法

为探究公交站点之间的关联度并对公交客流进行更精准的实时预测，本文提出基于 Attention的交通预测核心算法(Traffic Forecast Model Based Attention，TFMA)，结合数据预处理和 站点信息编码完成基于站点实时关联度的短时公交客流预测方法。该方法首先创新性地提出了 站点实时关联度，可实现对目标站点客流量更精准的预测；其次，在公交站点的编码信息中融入 线路站点信息、客流变化率、天气、日期等关联因素；接着，该方法依靠Attention机制计算站点实 时关联度；核心算法中使用multi-headed机制、增加通道和残差连接进一步提升预测能力；最后， 以苏州市公交数据进行验证。结果显示：在准确率上，对比多元线性回归的53.8%、GRU(Gated Recurrent Unit)的66.9%和LightGBM(Light Gradient Boosting Machine)的81.2%，本文提出的基于 站点实时关联度的短时公交客流预测方法的准确率在90%以上，表明该方法具备优秀的短时公 交客流预测能力。     

纤维沥青胶浆动态剪切流变参数与温度相关性研究

采用动态剪切流变试验,分析了纤维沥青胶浆动态流变参数与温度的相关性,以及不同动态剪切流变参数和不同纤维胶浆的温度敏感性。结果表明:纤维沥青胶浆的动态流变参数G*,G',G″,δ和G*/sinδ等指标与温度具有很好的相关性;各指标在低温区的温度敏感性要高于在高温区的温度敏感性;纤维沥青胶浆的温度敏感性与基质沥青相比明显降低,其中聚丙烯腈纤维胶浆的热稳定性较好;添加纤维后的沥青胶浆抗车辙因子G*/sinδ明显提高,表明抗流动变形能力显著增强。     

基于路径关联性的交叉口群动态划分方法

交叉口群是路网交通流协调控制的基本单元,其动态范围划分与路网协调控制效益直接相关。在对经典Whitson路段关联性模型进行改进的基础上,考虑局部路网上交通流OD的空间分布特征建立了相邻交叉口之间的路径关联性模型;基于路径关联性模型计算结果,应用层次聚类方法对信号控制交叉口群进行动态划分。最后对路段关联性和路径关联性的交叉口群动态划分方法进行了算例验证和对比分析。研究结果表明,考虑路径关联性动态划分交叉口群可以减少对局部路网中主要OD路径的分割,从而降低主干道交通流的总停车次数和停车延误。     

Residential location and transit-oriented development in a new rail corridor

The relationship of form, use, and density in urban development and their influence on human behavior and travel is a key element of many land use and transport policies. Prior research indicates high-density urban development leads to decreased travel and thus sustainable mobility; however, personal attitudes seem to have greater effect on mobility than does the urban form. This research evaluates how households consider transit-oriented development (TOD) characteristics in their location decisions with regard to new Mandurah railway line stations opened in December 2007 in Perth, Western Australia. The results indicate that the choice of residence reflects neighborhood and housing attributes, with significant heterogeneity in the populations of the three precincts in terms of their valuation of various housing characteristics, proximity to urban facilities, and transport. There is also significant variation in households’ attitudes to natural and artificial environments. A better understanding of the complex relationships among environment, travel, socio-demographic characteristics, and household attitudes can help transport planners leverage the benefits of TOD and improve the quality of urban design and community life.     

从关联理论探求译者主体性的发挥

关联理论的翻译观认为翻译的过程就是寻求最佳关联的过程。最佳关联性是译者力争达到的目标,也是翻译的标准。而最佳关联性又取决于处理努力和语境效果。由于译者的认知不可能等同于原作者及译文读者的认知．译者必须通过推理构成对原著的认知心理图式,再通过译文将自己形成的认知图式传递给译文读者．努力使译文读者的期盼和原作意图相吻合,这就为译者提供了发挥主体能动性的空间。译者的主体性贯穿翻译始终。翻译的成败有赖于译者主体性的发挥。     

User preferences regarding autonomous vehicles

This study gains insight into individual motivations for choosing to own and use autonomous vehicles and develops a model for autonomous vehicle long-term choice decisions. A stated preference questionnaire is distributed to 721 individuals living across Israel and North America. Based on the characteristics of their current commutes, individuals are presented with various scenarios and asked to choose the car they would use for their commute. A vehicle choice model which includes three options is estimated:

• (1)Continue to commute using a regular car that you have in your possession.
• (2)Buy and shift to commuting using a privately-owned autonomous vehicle (PAV).
• (3)Shift to using a shared-autonomous vehicle (SAV), from a fleet of on-demand cars for your commute.

A factor analysis determined five relevant latent variables describing the individuals’ attitudes: technology interest, environmental concern, enjoy driving, public transit attitude, and pro-AV sentiments. The effects that the characteristics of the individual and the autonomous vehicle have on use and acceptance are quantified through random utility models including logit kernel model taking into account panel effects.Currently, large overall hesitations towards autonomous vehicle adoption exist, with 44% of choice decisions remaining regular vehicles. Early AV adopters will likely be young, students, more educated, and spend more time in vehicles. Even if the SAV service were to be completely free, only 75% of individuals would currently be willing to use SAVs. The study also found various differences regarding the preferences of individuals in Israel and North America, namely that Israelis are overall more likely to shift to autonomous vehicles.Methods to encourage SAV use include increasing the costs for regular cars as well as educating the public about the benefits of shared autonomous vehicles.     

基于改进型灰色关联度的港口船舶交通事故因素分析

针对传统灰色关联度模型的不足,提出一种改进型灰色关联度分析方法,以我国船舶交通事故为研究对象,建立船舶交通事故致因分析的灰色关联度模型,对于避免船舶交通事故、减少经济和人员等各方面的损失具有一定的意义.