工程施工总承包模式下的分包管理策略

针对目前我国工程施工总承包模式中分包管理存在的问题,从施工阶段分包商的引入和管理出发,阐述工程分包管理的主要策略;针对分包商的综合能力评价建立相关模型,对分包商实行分级管理,为科学、合理地选择分包商提供依据;提出现阶段我国总承包模式下施工管理的对策,可供工程施工总承包企业参考.     

浅谈创建学习型公路行业

文章针对＂十二五＂时期公路行业发展需要,阐述了创建学习型公路行业的必要性,分析了当前公路行业发展现状与存在的问题,提出了创建学习型公路行业的对策。     

多优先级多车种动态应急交通网络反流策略研究

危化品爆炸泄漏和火灾爆炸等局部突发事件下,疏散车辆与救援车辆在路网上通行的优先级具有差异性。为研究多优先级多车种动态应急交通网络协调优化问题,本文根据多车种的优先级差异性,松弛路段传输模型,模拟疏散和救援交通在路网上的动态加载过程,引入交叉口冲突转向消除与道路反流约束;考虑到优先通行车辆的反流策略会占用低优先级车辆的道路通行能力,设置救援交通的逆行路段数限制。设计分阶段优化方法求解多优先级多车种动态应急交通网络协调优化的多目标混合整数线性规划模型(MPCDETN-MMILP)。最后,以 NguyenDupuis路网为例,分析优先通行车辆使用的逆行路段数对疏散和救援交通的影响。算例结果表明：救援交通逆行路段数和对救援车辆迅速到达受灾区域的提升存在上限,且这种提升趋势是逐渐变缓的,而对疏散车辆迅速到达安全区域的抑制呈现波动式的增加趋势;救援交通逆行路段数对救援优先的疏散和救援交通运行优化效果有较大协调作用;连接受灾区域和外部救援场站,且可构成最短径路的路段更会被选择为救援交通逆行路段。     

Bus control strategies in corridors with signalized intersections

This paper proposes a new dynamic bus control strategy aimed at reducing the negative effects of time-headway variations on route performance, based on real-time bus tracking data at stops. In routes with high demand, any delay of a single vehicle ends up causing an unstable motion of buses and producing the bus bunching phenomena. This strategy controls the cruising speed of buses and considers the extension of the green phase of traffic lights at intersections, when a bus is significantly delayed. The performance of this strategy will be compared to the current static operation technique based on the provision of slack times at holding points. An operational model is presented in order to estimate the effects of each controlling strategy, taking into account the vehicle capacity constraint. Control strategies are assessed in terms of passenger total travel time, operating cost as well as on the coefficient of headway variation. The effects of controlling strategies are tested in an idealized bus route under different operational settings and in the bus route of highest demand in Barcelona by simulation. The results show that the proposed dynamic controlling strategy reduces total system cost (user and agency) by 15–40% as well as the coefficient of headway variation 53–78% regarding the uncontrolled case, providing a bus performance similar to the expected when time disturbance is not presented.     

双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术概述

文中简要介绍了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的基本结构和运行原理,对双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术进行了概述,其中包括交流励磁电路拓扑、控制策略、并网控制,展望了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术的发展趋势.     

Barriers and strategies in listening comprehension

A variety of barriers to listening comprehension are illustrated in this paper. They are analyzed respectively and several effective strategies are also presented afterward. The barriers to listening are those of psychological quality, language knowledge, cultural background, Chinese interference and so on. The strategies should be as follows: training students' psychological quality, strengthening the teaching and learning of language knowledge, comparing cultural differences, using student-centered teaching method and combining intensive listening and extensive listening.     

收费公路存在的问题及治理对策

贷款修路,收费还贷”政策经过多年实践证明,较好地缓解了公路建设资金短缺的矛盾,极大地加快了公路建设的步伐。收费还贷公路的建设,对促进我国交通公路事业的发展,提高公路网整体水平,缓解交通拥挤状况起到了重要作用。     

Use of the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate transit fare system

The transportation fare system influences the mobility of a region and the life quality of its inhabitants. This study aims to evaluate a region's optimal fare system by using the analytic hierarchy process, based on a survey among transportation experts, divided into three categories: operators, professors/consultants and government officials. The results are presented divided by category and overall, and the performance of the most important relative criteria to establish a fare system is determined. The most important criterion according to all the selected experts was the fare price, with 21.5%. The fare system determined as the best was distance/zone (31.1%) and the worst was a flat fare system (7.2%). In addition, we show the influence of the fare price criterion in each fare system through sensitivity charts and highlight its importance for all three groups of experts to evaluate the fare system.     

基于LVQ 神经网络的轨道单元状态综合评判方法研究

为了有效利用多种检测数据评判轨道单元的状态,提出利用 LVQ (学习矢量量化)神经网络建立轨道单元特征参数与轨道单元分级的关联模型,通过对 TQI (轨道质量指数)、轨道几何、加速度、晃车仪、添乘仪、人体感觉的超限扣分加权得到轨道单元的量化评分指标,并利用层次分析法确定各特征参数的权系数。根据大量实测数据建立随机样本,利用聚类方法确定轨道单元状态的分级。以轨道单元的量化评分指标作为输入,以聚类得到的表征轨道单元分级的矢量量化数据作为输出,利用误差反向传播方法训练 LVQ 神经网络模型。利用新的评判方法对某线路的轨道单元状态进行评判,结果表明该方法可行、有效,为轨道单元状态综合评判提供了一条新途径。     

高速列车监测数据处理及故障诊断

车体性能好坏直接影响列车的行车安全,文章利用安装在车体上的传感器所采集到的振动信号,选取合适的信号特征提取方法进行评估,达到列车故障早期预警的目的。试验数据表明,车体的振动信号具有非线性、非平稳的特点,先对振动信号提取小波包能量矩特征进行时频域分析,发现该特征提取方法可以直观地反映车辆横向和垂向振动情况。引入基于局部分析的拉普拉斯特征映射算法(LE),对故障工况的小波包能量矩熵特征所构造的高维特征向量空间进行降维,发现能够从垂向加速度信号识别出空气弹簧失气工况,从横向加速度信号识别出抗蛇行减振器故障和横向减振器故障。这与车辆动力学分析结果一致,同时也证实了流形学习方法对列车性能评估具有一定的作用。