基于VISSIM微观仿真的错位交叉口改善策略

错位交叉口是一种特殊的平面交叉口,由于其自身特性,严重影响了交叉口的通行能力和行车安全。通过对错位交叉口的研究提出相应的改善策略,对提高交叉口的通行能力和行车安全具有非常重要的意义。利用微观交通仿真软件VISSIM的模拟和预测功能,对淄博市人民路与西六路错位交叉口进行仿真分析,结合组群城市中心城区的实际情况,提出多个微观改善策略,具有一定的现实意义。     

Cycle commuting in Belgium: Spatial determinants and ‘re-cycling’ strategies

This paper attempts to explain the spatial variation of the use of a bicycle for commuting to work at the level of the 589 municipalities in Belgium. Regression techniques were used and special attention was paid to autocorrelation, heterogeneity and multicollinearity. Spatial lag models were used to correct for the presence of spatial dependence and a disaggregated modelling strategy was adopted for the northern and southern parts of the country. The results show that much of the inter-municipality variation in bicycle use is related to environmental aspects such as the relief, traffic volumes and cycling accidents. Town size, distance travelled and demographic aspects also have some effect. In addition, there are regional differences in the effects of the structural covariates on bicycle use: the impact of variables such as traffic volume and cycling accidents differs substantially between the north and the south of the country. This paper also suggests that high rates of bicycle use in one municipality stimulate cycling in neighbouring municipalities, and hence that a mass effect can be initiated, i.e. more cycle commuting encourages even more commuters in the area to cycle. These findings provide some recommendations for decision-makers wishing to promote a shift from car to bicycle use.     

Generating lane-based intersection maps from crowdsourcing big trace data

Lane-based road information plays a critical role in transportation systems, a lane-based intersection map is the most important component in a detailed road map of the transportation infrastructure. Researchers have developed various algorithms to detect the spatial layout of intersections based on sensor data such as high-definition images/videos, laser point cloud data, and GPS traces, which can recognize intersections and road segments; however, most approaches do not automatically generate Lane-based Intersection Maps (LIMs). The objective of our study is to generate LIMs automatically from crowdsourced big trace data using a multi-hierarchy feature extraction strategy. The LIM automatic generation method proposed in this paper consists of the initial recognition of road intersections, intersection layout detection, and lane-based intersection map-generation. The initial recognition process identifies intersection and non-intersection areas using spatial clustering algorithms based on the similarity of angle and distance. The intersection layout is composed of exit and entry points, obtained by combining trajectory integration algorithms and turn rules at road intersections. The LIM generation step is finally derived from the intersection layout detection results and lane-based road information, based on geometric matching algorithms. The effectiveness of our proposed LIM generation method is demonstrated using crowdsourced vehicle traces. Additional comparisons and analysis are also conducted to confirm recognition results. Experiments show that the proposed method saves time and facilitates LIM refinement from crowdsourced traces more efficiently than methods based on other types of sensor data.     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

Bus control strategies in corridors with signalized intersections

This paper proposes a new dynamic bus control strategy aimed at reducing the negative effects of time-headway variations on route performance, based on real-time bus tracking data at stops. In routes with high demand, any delay of a single vehicle ends up causing an unstable motion of buses and producing the bus bunching phenomena. This strategy controls the cruising speed of buses and considers the extension of the green phase of traffic lights at intersections, when a bus is significantly delayed. The performance of this strategy will be compared to the current static operation technique based on the provision of slack times at holding points. An operational model is presented in order to estimate the effects of each controlling strategy, taking into account the vehicle capacity constraint. Control strategies are assessed in terms of passenger total travel time, operating cost as well as on the coefficient of headway variation. The effects of controlling strategies are tested in an idealized bus route under different operational settings and in the bus route of highest demand in Barcelona by simulation. The results show that the proposed dynamic controlling strategy reduces total system cost (user and agency) by 15–40% as well as the coefficient of headway variation 53–78% regarding the uncontrolled case, providing a bus performance similar to the expected when time disturbance is not presented.     

港口物流发展现状及对策

分析港口发展现代物流的优势、现状及存在的问题 ,提出了提高对现代物流的认识、发扬创新精神、加大整合力度和科技投入、强化服务理念、准确定位、注重联合、科学规划等港口发展现代物流的策略     

高职院校特殊用途英语专业新生自主阅读现状调查

本文运用定量和定性的研究方法,调查了职业技术学院特殊用途英语专业新生自主阅读现状和导致该现状的原因。结果表明,学生在英语阅读学习中表现出一定的自主性,其自主程度在阅读的各个阶段基本上都是中等偏低,但存在一定的差异,阅读中较高些,阅读前较低而阅读后最低;导致该现状的原因是多方面的,主要是缺乏内在动机、有一定的外在动机、对老师的过分依赖、较低的自我效能感、没有受过系统的阅读元认知和认知策略的培训。本研究结果对职业技术学院的英语阅读教学有一定的启示。     

基于故障率曲线和设备故障危害度的地铁车辆维修策略选择

提出了一种地铁车辆维修策略选择方法。介绍了目前常用的地铁车辆维修策略,通过对地铁运行过程中故障数据统计分析,绘制了车辆重要子系统的故障率曲线,并据此选择了车辆系统的基本维修策略。通过估算组成车辆系统的设备故障模式危害度,并以此对设备划分种类,确定车辆维修工作的重点,对不同种类的设备制定详细的维修策略。     

浅析道路运输企业顾客关系管理实施策略

简要阐述了顾客关系管理的内涵,以此为基础分析了道路运输企业实施顾客关系管理的必要性,并提出了相应的实施策略。