High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

Optimum Capacity for Intermodal Container Terminals

Abstract

Achievement of a desirable level of customer service at intermodal terminals mainly depends on the efficient loading and unloading of trains without delays. The efficiency of the transfer between the modes in the terminal area can have a significant effect on these delays. In this article, an analytically based simulation model is developed to investigate delays of trains for different service configurations. Simulation outputs are used to find an optimum balance of the cost of train delays and variation from the desired level of service. Data from the Acacia Ridge Terminal in Brisbane, Australia are used to validate and test the model.     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

Refining light rapid transit typology: a UK perspective

Abstract

Recent developments in the light rapid transit sector have introduced transit modes that are attempting to imitate the performance of others, e.g. buses with tram-like characteristics. The boundaries between existing definitions of what is a bus, tram or train are becoming blurred. For transport studies and practice this requires a review of how we define modes. This is not just a matter of semantics, but has safety and competition regulation implications for system operators. This paper proposes a structure to produce rail- and bus-based transit mode definitions and typology that are appropriate for modern use. A decision tree is used to classify and define the transit modes as guided-bus, trolley-bus, light rail and tram-train and is provided with example systems. The paper provides a robust definitional framework that allows transit system promoters, operators and other interested parties to have a consistent basis of reference when specifying and comparing rapid transit systems.     

Identifying Governance Relationships Between Intermodal Terminals and Logistics Platforms

Abstract

Governance theory examines different ways of managing resources and relationships in order to achieve a desired outcome. This paper applies governance theory to intermodal terminals and logistics platforms, extending previous work on ownership to include different operational models. An inductive methodology is used to derive a typology of governance relationships from an analysis of the transport and logistics literature. The classification developed in this paper explores different kinds of integration that can help support growth of intermodal transport services. The understanding of transport governance is extended via three key relationships: first, between the logistics platform and the site tenants (therefore, encouraging consolidation and efficiencies that can boost rail services at the site); second, between the terminal operator and rail service provision (which can aid service planning and train loading factors); and third, between the inland site (either terminal, logistics platform or both) and port(s), (thus enabling better planning and efficiency of port rail shuttles).     

国土空间规划新形势下的轨道交通规划变革和对策

在国土空间规划新形势下,从轨道交通作为国土空间高品质发展重要支撑要素的角度,以宁波市轨道交通线网规划为例,探讨未来轨道交通规划在规划理念、手段、范围、体系4个方面的变革和对策,认为在规划理念上要遵循全面均衡发展的要求,在规划手段上要遵循"存量规划",思维更多采用"提质增效"措施,在规划范围上要拓展至区域以实现"多网融合...     

高压共轨燃油喷射系统的硬件在环仿真设计

通过对高压共轨燃油喷射系统的分析,运用数学建模方法,在Matlab/Simulink下搭建了共轨系统模型,并借助于dSPACE设计了硬件在环仿真系统。在高压共轨燃油系统的建模过程中,主要根据容积模型和伯努利方程对喷油器、高压油泵和共轨管等分模块进行建模。经试验验证,所搭建的共轨系统模型配合合理,可以很好地模拟共轨系统;对轨压控制方法的仿真研究表明,前馈结合PID反馈的方法比传统PID控制效果好。     

昆明市轨道交通高架桥景观设计优化措施

结合昆明轨道交通项目工程实际,阐述了高架桥景观设计总体方案,并以景观细节处理作为切入点,总结了首期工程和6号线工程的经验教训,提出了实用、经济、有效的景观优化措施。     

某种用于DELPHI系统的柴油滤清器简介及结构设计优化

众所周知,每辆汽车的发动机都需要滤清器的高效保护,机油滤清器、燃油滤清器及空气滤清器都对发动机的正常运转起着重要的保护作用,而且缺一不可,高效的柴油滤清器已经成为共轨喷射系统的守护者。随着国家环保法规对排放的要求越来越高,整车对柴油滤清的要求也越来越高,针对目前国Ⅲ及以上排放要求,设计此柴油滤清器。