需求变动下高铁快运货流分配与组织模式优化

基于高铁快运一地集货和多点发运的开行特点，综合考虑我国未来快递市场的需求变动，提出高铁快运常态化和规模化成网运营后的货流分配与组织模式优化方法，以客运动车组捎带运输货物、预留车厢和高铁快运专列模式下，各OD对间的高铁快运运量为主要决策变量，以总运输成本极小化为目标，构建货流分配混合整数规划模型，计算货流量在高铁快运网络中的分布，得到货流OD运输路线与各高铁快运通道运营组织模式的组合优化方案。通过高铁快运货流OD “三阶段”预测方法，预测城市间的高铁快运需求量作为货流输入，以9个国内快递业务中心城市组成的网络为案例，由Python语言调用Gurobi优化软件求解案例，验证所建模型的有效性。案例结果表明：在运量低谷期使用捎带和预留模式可满足90.7%的运输需求；在运量高峰期部分线路需开行高铁快运专列；运营组织模式可根据OD对间货流量与网络容量的适应性关系进行调整，以充分利用高铁闲置运力，提升运营效益。     

Optimal funding allocation strategies for safety improvements on urban intersections

Urban intersections crashes cause significant economic loss. The safety management process undertaken by most states in the United States is referred to as Highway Safety Improvement Program and consists of three standardized steps: (i) identification of critical crash locations, (ii) development of countermeasures, and (iii) resource allocation among identified crash locations. Often these three steps are undertaken independently, with limited detail of each step at the state planning agencies. The literature review underlines the importance of the third step, and the lack of sophisticated tools available to state planning agencies for leveraging information obtained from the first two steps. Further, non-strategic approaches and unavailability of methods for evaluating policies may lead to sub-optimal funding allocation. This paper overcomes these limitations and proposes multiple optimal resource allocation strategies for improvements at urban intersections that maximize safety benefits, under budget and policy constraints. Proposed policy measures based on benefits maximization (economic competitiveness), equitable allocation (equity), and relaxation of mutually exclusiveness (multiple alternatives at one location) produce significantly different alternative and fund allocation. The proposed models are applied to selected intersections in four counties of southeast Michigan. Results reinforce the applicability of the strategies/policies and tools developed in this paper for safety project funding allocation on critical urban intersections.     

考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分配问题研究

为充分利用混合停车场的停车和充电资源，本文依据出行者需求的差异性设置匹配优先级，在此基础上以共享平台接受并出租车位的收益扣除拒绝请求的惩罚成本的总收益最大化为目标，以充电量不超过停车场负荷为约束条件，建立考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分 配(MPRA)模型。基于匹配优先级原则和模型特征改进蚁群算法，设置分块冲突矩阵，根据分块冲突矩阵设计蚂蚁信息素更新策略和路径选择策略并进行求解。最后算例证实了考虑匹配优先级的必要性，并分析了问题规模对MPRA分配方案的影响。研究结果表明：在充电需求匹配率方面，MPRA方案高于利润最大化方案，平均提升率为28.96%，这一优势与出行者数量或车位数量成反比，且利润提升率随着问题规模的增加而增加；车位数量有限时，MPRA方案相较于先到先停方案可以极大化提升车位利用率和充电需求匹配率，平均提升率分别为17.87%和113.96%。     

梁桥承载力及荷载试验技术研究

本文通过对某桥的荷载试验的分析，讨论了梁桥承载力评价方法，希望能够给同类桥梁提供有益帮助。     

Application of Convex Optimization to Queuing Systems

On the basis of the queuing theory, a nonlinear optimal load allocation model is proposed. A novel transformafion method for the optimization variables is also presented, and the constraints are properly combined so as to make this model convex. The interior-point method for convex optimization is presented as an efficient computational tool. Finally, this model is evaluated by a real example,from which the following conclusions are drawn： the optimum result can ensure the full utilization of machines and the smallest amount of WIP （work-in-progress） in queuing systems; the interior-point method needs a few iterations with significant computational savings; other performance measures of queuing systems can also be optimized in a similar way.     

一种基于效用函数优化的计算网格资源分配策略

提出了一种基于效用函数优化的网格资源分配策略．试图利用效用函数和竞标函数对网格资源进行合理分配，采用拉格朗日方法对网格任务Agent效用函数进行优化，从而可使网格任务Agent在能估计资源节点拥塞度，并能完成其所有任务的情况下，产生一个合理的费用预算．对网格任务Agent的竞标函数的特征进行了研究分析，研究结果表明如果网络状态不变，网格任务Agent不能通过改变投标来获取效益．这种恒定性在任务Agent不知晓竞标结果的情况下，可使它无需做徒劳的重投标．     

城市轨道交通商业业态配置研究

分析城市轨道交通商业业态配置过程中存在的问题,包括无法将客流转化为商流、商业业态同质化、商业业态种类单一。结合商业业态的配置原则、配置手段及配置目标,提出影响商业业态配置的主要因素,包括对消费客流结构、消费需求及其消费心理行为进行分析,据此提出合理的政策建议,即营造良好的地铁商业环境,引导消费者改变观念;引进多种商业业态,满足消费者多样化需求;制定合理的营销策略,引导地铁客流转化为商流;建立地铁商业品牌,实现地铁商业特色化发展等,以促进城市轨道交通商业的发展。     

铁路集装箱空箱调运问题的遗传算法

根据铁路集装箱运输的特点,对空箱调运问题进行了分析,并设计了遗传算法求解这类问题.采用整数矩阵编码,通过对父代染色体的线性组合取整运算作为交叉算子,并做适当调整以保证解的可行性,同时利用矩形闭合回路调整调运量作为变异算子.以兰州铁路局集装箱办理站为例进行了验证,结果表明:该算法不仅效率非常高,而且可以得到问题的多个最优...     

适合于感知无线电网络的动态信道分配和注水功率联合的算法

随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,传统的静态频谱分配机制与频谱实际需求之间的矛盾日益显著,频谱短缺现象日益严重.频谱资源的利用率问题成为未来移动通信发展的一大瓶颈.有效的信道分配机制能够改善无线资源的使用效率.本文将注水功率分配算法和动态信道分配算法相结合,提出一种基于小区的分布式动态信道分配算法.此算法针对感知无线电网络频谱变化的环境和多业务的环境能够提供优越的性能和自适应能力.与其他基于小区的动态信道分配算法相比,此算法考虑用户之间的公平性,显著提高频谱使用效率.     

IP ADDRESS AUTOCONFIGURATION FOR WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS

IntroductionWireless ad hoc networks are gaining increas-ing popularity in recent years because of their easeof deployment. No wired base station or infras-tructure is supported,and each hostcommunicatesone anothervia packetradios. In ad hoc networks,routing protocols are challenged with establishingand maintaining multihop routes in the face of mo-bility,bandwidth limitation and power con-straints. In ad hoc networks,each node( host)acts as a router since routes are mostly multihop.Nodes in …