进气道滚流比对发动机充气模型精度影响的试验研究

进气道结构是决定发动机缸内气体滚流强度的主要因素。针对一款直列四缸1.2 L增压直喷、DVVT汽油机,通过试验的方法,研究了发动机不同转速、负荷工况下,进气道滚流比参数对发动机进气状态和燃烧过程的影响,并对比了不同滚流比情况下的汽油机充气模型精度。研究结果表明,进气道滚流比对发动机的进气状态有显著影响。针对相同的ECU标定数据,滚流比的改变会造成充气模型精度较为明显的偏差。     

中低雷诺数流动直接数值模拟的算法比较

文章采用不同的算法对中低雷诺数方腔驱动流动进行了直接数值模拟,所用算法分别是人工压缩方法、SIMPLE算法以及PISO算法.三种算法均采用有限体积法基于交错网格技术离散N-S方程,时间项采用全隐格式离散,对流项采用QUICK格式离散,并将它们得到结果与Ghia发表的基准解进行了比对.文中分析了在同样的收敛条件下,不同算法之间的稳定性,收敛速率以及准确性的差异,发现PISO算法在较低雷诺数Re=400和Re=1000情况下最准确,而人工压缩算法在雷诺数为5000时最准确,在所有计算的不同Re数条件下,发现人工压缩法达到收敛所需时间都是最少的,这可以使它成为中低雷诺数下研究直接数值模拟最好的算法之一.     

Alpha系统在我国某海域的GDOP值分析

利用Matlab软件计算Alpha系统台站在我国某海域的GDOP值,与采用补充导航台方案时相比较,验证该方案能够改善该海域GDOP值的分布,从而在理论上可以提高Alpha系统在该海域的导航定位精度。     

三自由度平面并联机器人误差分析

为了研究各种误差对并联机器人输出产生的影响,以三自由度平面并联机器人为例,利用并联机器人的环路特性,采用机器人微分理论,建立了误差正向模型.通过M atlab编程和计算机仿真,得出输出误差与机器人结构尺寸变化、位置和姿态变化的关系图.为该类型机器人的设计、制造、装配提供了指导依据.     

城市群客流生成预测精度控制模型研究

城市群客流生成预测是城市群轨道交通规划中客流预测的主要组成部分,其预测精度将直接影响轨道交通客流预测精度,进而影响轨道交通规划的合理性.在分析城市群客流生成特点的基础上,提出客流生成阶段预测精度控制分为小区划分精度控制、预测方法选择、建模精度控制及模型计算结果调整4个阶段的思路;详细论述后2个阶段的精度控制内容,在模型计算结果调整中提出区域对外交通调整、空间调整、发生总量平衡调整及发生吸引平衡调整4个调整内容,并建立调整模型.     

基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计技术发展综述

针对基于模型的视觉里程计在光照条件恶劣的情况下存在鲁棒性差、回环检测准确率低、动态场景中精度不够、无法对场景进行语义理解等问题,利用深度学习可以弥补其不足。首先,简略介绍了基于模型的里程计的研究现状,然后对比了常用的智能车数据集,将基于深度学习的视觉里程计分为有监督学习、无监督学习和模型法与深度学习结合3种,从网络结构、输入和输出特征、鲁棒性等方面进行分析,最后,讨论了基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计研究热点,从视觉里程计在动态场景的鲁棒性优化、多传感器融合、场景语义分割3个方面对智能车辆视觉里程计技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Impact of telecommuting and intelligent transportation systems on residential location choice

The impacts of telecommuting and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) on urban development patterns were investigated in terms of households' residential location choice decisions. A discrete choice modelling approach framework was used. A stated preference (SP) logit analysis was carried out to estimate the parameters of the utility function. An attitude survey of employees of selected public and private sector organizations in the Ottawa-Carleton Region (Canada) yielded the required data for model estimation. In addition to obtaining background information, the survey elicited SP responses by presenting a number of hypothetical residential choice scenarios defined according to the principles of SP experimental design. Results show that telecommuting and ITS measures are highly significant factors in the residential choice model. This leads to the conclusion that these reinforce dispersed residential patterns and encourage moves towards outlying sites. Implications of this conclusion for urban land development planning are noted.     

Cost overruns and demand shortfalls – Deception or selection?

A number of highly cited papers by Flyvbjerg and associates have shown that ex ante infrastructure appraisals tend to be overly optimistic. Ex post evaluations indicate a bias where investment costs are higher and benefits lower on average than predicted ex ante. These authors argue that the bias must be attributed to intentional misrepresentation by project developers. This paper shows that the bias may arise simply as a selection bias, without there being any bias at all in predictions ex ante, and that such a bias is bound to arise whenever ex ante predictions are related to the decisions whether to implement projects. Using a database of projects we present examples indicating that the selection bias may be substantial. The examples also indicate that benefit–cost ratios remain a useful selection criterion even when cost and benefits are highly uncertain, gainsaying the argument that such uncertainties render cost-benefit analyses useless.     

提高车辆动态称重仪精度的研究与试验

以提高车辆动态称重精度为目的，从两方面提出了改善措施：在分析车辆通过秤台时受力情况的基础上，设计了一种高精度的称重传感器；针对动态称重实际波形，设计了一种新的数据处理方法。通过对硬件和软件的改善，提高了动态称重精度。