Development and implementation of a torque vectoring algorithm for an innovative 4WD driveline for a high-performance vehicle

The sporting spirit that characterises a high-performance car can be observed in certain technical solutions. The power distribution on the rear wheels is the simplest example of that. It is well known that rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles are more fun to drive and faster in their reactions. Unfortunately, they are also less intuitive and harder to control because of their natural oversteering behaviour. The idea of maintaining an RWD driveline in the future is not farseeing, because it would imply an excessive tyre dimension increasing to let the driver use all engine power in many cornering and low-friction conditions. The choice of adopting a part-time all-wheel drive (AWD) driveline comes from the will of enhancing the overall performance by using all the available friction every time that it is needed. It has to be kept into account that a normally aspirated motor of a sport car can supply 500–600 Hp nowadays, and that it will supply 700–800 Hp in the very near future. However, the proposed driveline has not to worsen the weight characteristics (mass and load distribution) that make an RWD vehicle better than other cars. Because of all these considerations and constraints, a new driveline system has been designed. It derives from an RWD driveline with a semi-active differential, to which has been added a controlled wet clutch that directly connects the engine to the front differential. This device allows the drive torque to be distributed between the two axles. It can be understood that in such a device, the torque distribution does not depend only on the central clutch action, but also on the engaged gear. Because of this particular layout, this system can not work in the whole gear range because of thermal problems due to kinematical reasons. So the centre clutch controller has to consider the gear position too. The control algorithms development was carried out using a vehicle model, which can precisely simulate the handling response, the powertrain dynamic, and the actuation system behaviour. Such a modelling precision required the development of a customised powertrain model library in Matlab/Simulink.     

奥迪A4轿车太阳能天窗工作原理与检修

在一些高档轿车上已经开始应用了汽车太阳能天窗技术。本文主要阐述奥迪A4轿车太阳能天窗的构成、电路原理图、工作原理、检修方法及太阳能天窗的功用。     

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航空器在同高度汇聚飞行时总会存在飞行冲突,文中根据极大代数法的思想,将航空器到达交叉点离散的过程线性化,并且针对同一终端区航空器离场向同一导航点汇聚的实际航路结构,给出了问题的具体描述,建立了具体的终端区单航路极大代数服务模型,并将其推广到通用情况下.在单航路模型基础上根据极大代数思想设计了终端区航路汇聚模型,解决了同高度航空器汇聚的冲突问题,可以将2条线型航线在交叉点的冲突规避,实现4D航迹的无冲突预测.对模型进行了算例验证,结果表明,极大代数能够较好的解决航空器航迹冲突的问题,实现航空器到关键点的无冲突放行,从而一定程度上提高了空域资源的利用率.     

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研究交流传动电动车组主变压器牵引绕组间存在互感时四象限变流器的工作状态。通过四象限变流器交流侧矢量图的分析,阐述牵引绕组间的互感对四象限变流器控制性能的影响。根据四象限变流器状态方程稳定性分析,指出互感值的取值必须小于牵引绕组的漏感值。通过对状态方程的离散化,推导出可用于实际工程实现的四象限变流器控制方程。用计算机系统仿真,确定互感参数,验证所提出的控制方法的可行性。     

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在传统前馈后轮主动转向控制的基础上，提出了一种2自由度后轮主动转向鲁棒控制规律。该方法通过引入独立参数化2自由度控制结构，实现了4轮转向系统对车速变化和轮胎侧偏刚度变化的独立补偿。其前馈控制器的设计与传统前馈4轮转向控制完全相同，而反馈控制器的设计为一针对轮胎侧偏刚度不确定性的标准H∞控制问题。该方法的主要优点是既充分发挥了传统前馈控制的优点，又降低了反馈控制器的阶数。     

工程机械新型转向系统研究

分析了4轮转向试验平台的转向原理，在控制原理的基础上对4轮转向各个工况进行试验，并对试验数据进行采集、处理。结果表明，4轮转向比传统的2轮转向稳定性好，转弯半径大大减小。     

INTERFERON γ－INDEPENDENT EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN 12 ADMINISTERED DURING ACUTE OR ESTABLISHED INFECTION DUE TO LEISHMANIAMAJOR

ＩＮＴＥＲＦＥＲＯＮγ－ＩＮＤＥＰＥＮＤＥＮＴＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＬＥＵＫＩＮ１２ＡＤＭＩＮＩＳＴＥＲＥＤＤＵＲＩＮＧＡＣＵＴＥＯＲ　ＥＳＴＡＢＬＩＳＨＥＤＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＤＵＥＴＯＬＥＩＳＨＭＡＮＩＡＭＡＪＯＲＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｉｃｈｕｎ；Ｗ...     

AL4自动变速器电控系统

简述AL4自动变速器电控系统电路及工作过程,介绍电控部件的电气参数及故障诊断。     

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使用单点预瞄驾驶员模型，针对确定性汽车模型探讨了４ＷＳ汽车在单移线行驶过程中后轮的最优转向控制规律。通过引入状态反馈，改善了整车的转向特性，将实际汽车的前后轮胎侧刚度及外界干扰视为有界的不确定性参数，采用自适应模型跟踪变结构控制方法，使得不确定的实际汽车模型能够很好地跟踪确定的最优理论模型，仿真结果表明该方法的可行性，控制系统能够有效地克服参数摄动及外界干扰对系统稳定性的影响。     

基于QFT的四轮转向控制系统设计

本文提出一种基于定量反馈理论的主动控制四轮转向策略，以汽车转向时的横摆角速度和车体侧偏角为被控制量，将汽车的速度、质量、轮胎等效侧偏刚度等参数视为有界的不确定参数，应用定量反馈理论（QFT）设计反馈控制系统。为了验证设计的有效性，采用具有非线性轮胎特性的汽车模型对控制系统作了多种工况下的仿真。仿真结果证明所设计的解耦控制系统对汽车参数的不确定性具有鲁棒性，同时具有较好的控制特性，能够有效提高汽车的主动安全性和操纵稳定性。