道路交通标志的英文使用方法研究

针对目前我国道路交通标志的英文使用混乱的现状,在分析国内外相关标准和规范的基础上,对我国道路交通标志的英文使用方法进行了研究,详细论述了道路交通标志的英文使用场合和具体使用形式,以期为进一步规范我国道路交通标志的英文使用提供参考。     

创新科学搜救机制的理论与实践

文中分析了福建省海上搜救工作的新特点,提出了“科学搜救”是搜救工作的行动指南,以及“政府领导、海事主导、各方配合、社会参与”的搜救工作新机制,以期把海上搜救工作提升到一个新的水平。     

关于海事行政机关协助法院执行行为的解读

海事行政机关协助法院执行已是一项常态化的工作,由于缺乏明确而具体的规定,导致各海事行政机关在协助执行中的做法不一,且在与法院、当事人之间出现某些不协调、文章从分析协助执行行为性质入手,对海事行政机关协助执行的义务陆、协助执行行为的不可复议性或不可诉性,以及如何协助执行等方面进行了较为全面的解读,对进一步规范协助执行行为,防范协助执行中的执法风险具有较强的针对性生和参考性．     

Cash flow sensitivities during normal and crisis times: Evidence from shipping

Using a system of equations model, we analyze how cash flow shocks influence the investment and financing decisions of shipping firms in different economic environments. Even financially healthy shipping firms felt strong negative effects on their financing activities during the recent crisis. These firms were nevertheless able to increase long-term debt. Banks internalized the impact of foreclosure decisions on vessel prices and avoided an industry-wide collateral channel effect. Even during benign economic conditions, financially weak shipping firms underinvest because of their inability to raise sufficient external capital. The substitution between long- and short-term debt during the pre-2008 crisis periods shows that the composition of financing sources is more indicative of whether firms face financial constraints than the pure size of the financing-cash flow sensitivities. An analysis of firms’ excess cash holdings confirms the importance of financial flexibility.     

海上丝绸之路与印尼民丹岛华人民间信仰的传播

印尼廖内群岛的民丹岛古称长腰岛,是古代海上丝绸之路的重要枢纽,18世纪来自中国的潮州与闽南的大量移民聚居民丹岛,种植甘蜜、胡椒并从事进出口行业,对民丹岛的开发做出了重要贡献。华人移民也促进了中国民间信仰在民丹岛的广泛传播。     

Short-term planning of liquefied natural gas deliveries

The ability of a supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to deliver cargoes at desired times, while effectively managing a fleet of cryogenic vessels can significantly impact its profits. We investigate in this paper an LNG short-term delivery planning problem by considering mandatory cargoes as well as optional cargoes to select, along with the scheduling of a heterogeneous vessel fleet with controllable cruising speeds. Several technical constraints are accommodated including time windows, berth availability, bunkering restrictions, inventory, liquefaction terminal storage capacity, maximum waiting time, and planned maintenance restrictions. The objective is to maximize the net profit.We propose a mixed-integer programming formulation that includes a polynomial number of variables and constraints and accommodates all of the problem features. Also, we describe an optimization-based variable neighborhood search procedure that embeds the proposed compact formulation. To assess the quality of the generated solutions, we propose a second valid formulation with an exponential number of decision variables and we solve its linear programming relaxation using column generation. We provide the results of extensive computational results that were carried out on a set of large-scale set of realistic instances, with up to 62 vessels and 160 cargoes, provided by a major LNG producer. These results provide evidence that the proposed improvement procedure yields high-quality solutions.     

Relevance of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for bulk shipping

Some scholars consider that today’s market conditions are in favor of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) rather than the Suez Canal Route (SCR). However, the number of bulk carriers using the NSR remains extremely limited, despite higher fuel prices since 2009 and subsequent significant fuel savings. In 2013, there were 53 transits via the Arctic, out of which 27 by oil tankers and 6 by bulk carriers. In this article we show that this result might be attributable to a factor, which is not considered in most studies: the spot freight rate to fuel ratio which governs ship owners’ decisions regarding the sailing speed. Due to a low ratio since 2011, the speed of vessels on the SCR is at its lowest level, and potential NSR fuel savings are too limited to provide a viable alternative. We further argue that, contrary to most studies, internalizing NSR environmental benefits marginally improves the attractiveness of the NSR.     

高职英语口语教学策略与方法刍议

目前,我国高职院校的英语口语教学过程中,由于受到传统授课观念、模式以及高职学生生源素质等诸多因素的影响,教学效果差强人意。本文根据日常一线的教学实践和体会,分析高职院校英语口语教学中存在的问题,对改进高职英语口语教学进行初步思考,并提出增强高职学生英语口语交际能力的教学策略与方法。     

Segment-based alteration for container liner shipping network design

Container liner shipping companies only partially alter their shipping networks to cope with the changing demand, rather than entirely redesign and change the network. In view of the practice, this paper proposes an optimal container liner shipping network alteration problem based on an interesting idea of segment, which is a sequence of legs from a head port to a tail port that are visited by the same type of ship more than once in the existing shipping network. In segment-based network alteration, the segments are intact and each port is visited by the same type of ship and from the same previous ports. As a result, the designed network needs minimum modification before implementation. A mixed-integer linear programming model with a polynomial number of variables is developed for the proposed segmented-based liner shipping network alternation problem. The developed model is applied to an Asia–Europe–Oceania liner shipping network with a total of 46 ports and 11 ship routes. Results demonstrate that the problem could be solved efficiently and the optimized network reduces the total cost of the initial network considerably.     

Batteries in offshore support vessels – Pollution,climate impact and economics

This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea operations. They have multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems to ensure that they can perform their duties with high reliability at nearly any sea state. Combined with high safety requirements, this has resulted in general operational patterns with vessels running multiple combustion engines even at calm water conditions. For emissions, low engine loads yield high emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), due to less favorable combustion conditions. The high span for these vessels between low loads and high, and their great need for potential power at short notice, motivate our examination of hybrid setups with electric: the vessel segment should be more favorable than many. We find that combining batteries with combustion engines reduces local pollution and climate impact, while the economics with current battery cost and fuel prices is good enough for new vessels, but not good enough for retrofits.