强夯法加固新填土地基工法

首先对强夯法的作用机理、技术参数、机具设备及其工艺流程进行了详细的探讨,其次综合劳动力组织、技术标准、质量保证、安全施工及经济效益等进行了全面的分析。     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的火力目标匹配模型研究

通过分析了马尔可夫决策过程应用于火力目标匹配的可行性,建立了基于马尔可夫决策过程的火力目标匹配模型,并通过具体例子进行计算、分析和评估,证明了该决策过程的科学性和可行性。     

Evaluating the assumption of independent turning probabilities

Several urban traffic models make the convenient assumption that turning probabilities are independent, meaning that the probability of turning right (or left or going straight through) at the downstream intersection is the same for all travelers on that roadway, regardless of their origin or destination. In reality most travelers make turns according to planned routes from origins to destinations. The research reported here identifies and quantifies the deviations that result from this assumption of independent turning probabilities.An analysis of this type requires a set of reasonably realistic “original” route flows, which were obtained by a static user-equilibrium traffic assignment and an entropy maximization condition for most likely route flows. These flows are compared with those route flows resulting from the Assumption of Independent Turning Probabilities (ITP). A small subnetwork of 3 km by 5 km in Tucson, Arizona, was chosen as a case study. An overall “typical ratio” of 2.2 between original route flows and ITP route flows was obtained. Aggregating route flows to origin–destination flows led to an overall “typical ratio” of 1.7. Such deviations are particularly high for routes that go back-and-forth, reaching a ratio of more than 3 in certain time periods. Substantial deviations for origins and destinations that are on the same border of the subnetwork are also observed in the analyses. In addition, under the ITP assumption, morning rush hour traffic peaking is the same in all directions, while in the original flows some directions do not exhibit a peak in the morning rush hour period. Overall, the conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of independent turning probabilities leads to substantial deviations both at the route level and at the origin–destination level, even for such a small network of the case study. These deviations are particularly detrimental when a network is being modeled and studied for route-based measures of effectiveness such as the number and types of routes passing a point – for monitoring specified vehicles and/or managing detouring strategies.     

Improving the physics of a coupled physical–biogeochemical model of the North Atlantic through data assimilation: Impact on the ecosystem

Several studies on coupled physical–biogeochemical models have shown that major deficiencies in the biogeochemical fields arise from the deficiencies in the physical flow fields. This paper examines the improvement of the physics through data assimilation, and the subsequent impact on the ecosystem response in a coupled model of the North Atlantic. Sea surface temperature and sea surface height data are assimilated with a sequential method based on the SEEK filter adapted to the coupling needs. The model domain covers the Atlantic from 20°S to 70°N at eddy-permitting resolution. The biogeochemical model is a NPZD-DOM model based on the P3ZD formulation. The results of an annual assimilated simulation are compared with an annual free simulation.With assimilation, the representation of the mixed layer depth is significantly improved in mid latitudes, even though the mixed layer depth is generally overestimated compared to the observations. The representation of the mean and variance of the currents is also significantly improved.The nutrient input in the euphotic zone is used to assess the data assimilation impact on the ecosystem. Data assimilation results in a 50% reduction of the input due to vertical mixing in mid-latitudes, and in a four- to six-fold increase of the advective fluxes in mid-latitudes and subtropics. Averaged zonally, the net impact is a threefold increase for the subtropical gyre, and a moderate (20–30%) decrease at mid and high latitudes.Surface chlorophyll concentration increases along the subtropical gyre borders, but little changes are detected at mid and high latitudes. An increase of the primary production appears along the Gulf Stream path, but it represents only 12% on average for mid and high latitudes. In the subtropical gyre centre, primary production is augmented but stays underestimated (20% of observations). These experiments show the benefits of physical data assimilation in coupled physical–biogeochemical applications.     

特大桥主要工程施工方法和关键工序探析——以京沪高速铁路济南黄河特大桥为例

以京沪高速铁路济南黄河特大桥为例,针对钻孔灌注桩的技术特点,对钻孔灌注桩的主要施工方法和成孔、制笼、水下灌注混凝土等三大关键工序加以分析,可知钻孔灌注桩的质量优劣直接影响整个工程的稳定和寿命。只有在施工中加强三大关键工序的管理,采取科学的、切实可行的施工方法,严格按照标准规范和技术要求,才能有效地控制工程质量。     

鱼雷试验的航路均匀设计方法研究

依据鱼雷试验的目的进行鱼雷性能指标的考核,针对成败型二项分布考核方法缺点,系统性地提出了应用均匀设计法进行鱼雷试验航路规划。将可控因素划分为适当的水平,应用合适的均匀设计表,设计鱼雷试验航路,得到了每个航路参数。通过实例研究表明均匀设计可极大地降低试验的次数,并保证试验点在试验范围内充分均衡分散,试验航路设置能覆盖远、中、近距离,大、中、小舷角,高、中、低目标速度和深、中、浅深度的各种态势。通过基于最小二乘原理对试验结果进行了回归分析,建立了指标与因素的数学模型,得出了各因素的影响程度。此方法对鱼雷试验有一定的应用价值。     

Fatigue damage in the side shells of ships

More than 40% of the registered fatigue cracks in ship structures are observed to occur in the side shell, more specifically in the connections of longitudinals to transverse web frames. The fatigue damage is caused partly by vertical and horizontal wave-induced hull bending and partly by outside water pressure on the side shell. Due to the non-linear nature of the outside water pressure the fatigue damage of the combined stress cannot be solved via a traditional frequency domain analysis. This paper solves the combination problem by application of a realistic wave model. The proposed model is used to analyze a segregated ballast tanker, and the results are compared to previously registered fatigue cracks. The analysis shows that it is very important to include the water pressure in the fatigue analysis, as this accounts for the majority of the expected fatigue damage. The analysis is performed for both I-shaped and L-shaped stiffeners.     

内河航道整治工程科技进步的回顾和展望

概述了中国五十年来水运工程建设中,内河航道整治工程及其相应的航道整治工程科学技术进步发展的3个历程,阐明了各个发展历程中科学技术进步的内容、特点及水平,根据内河航道建设规划布局,提出了今后有待深入研究的主要科学技术问题。     

集值渐近准非扩张映象多步迭代的收敛性

在严格凸Banach空间中，用集值映象点值化方法，证明了集值渐近准非扩张映象带误差的三步迭代列收敛于耦合不动点的充要条件．