利用Boussinesq方程对作用于大直径圆筒结构上的波浪力进行数值模拟

采用求解Beji和Nadaoka改进的Boussinesq方程,模拟了波浪在多个串连大圆筒结构前的反射,得到了作用于圆筒结构上的波浪力。空间离散采用有限元方法,可以较好地适应圆筒结构表面形成的复杂边界形状。数值模拟结果与公开发表的物理模型试验成果进行了比较,符合较好。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

用微粒群算法求解多元非线性方程组

分析了将多元非线性方程组的求解问题转化为求多元函数极值的优化问题的原理和方法;利用微粒群算法在连续空间中的优化能力求得极值点,得到方程组的近似解;给出了优化算法的具体流程;通过两个算例说明算法的可行性和有效性,实验结果表明此算法具有较高的效率和精度．     

Development of control models for the planning of sustainable transportation systems

Planning of sustainable transportation systems requires integration of multiple systems while considering a holistic approach. A limited amount of research has been conducted that simultaneously considers all the transportation, economic activity, environmental and social effects. The proposed research envisages incorporating considerations related to sustainability and providing solutions to stakeholders in policy making. In this paper, a dynamic model for planning and development of sustainable transportation systems is presented. This is given by a system of three nonlinear differential equations representing the dynamics of the three independent states, namely, transportation, activity, and environmental systems. A policy scenario considering investment in energy efficient technologies and its effects on the states is discussed to assist making investment decisions. Optimal control techniques are used to design the controls. The results show that it is possible to formulate an optimal control to achieve the desired target. Numerical results, based on actual parameters, are presented to illustrate the long-term trends of the states. The methodology discussed in this paper will be helpful to decision makers in making optimal decisions. The contribution of this research work is the introduction of a systems and controls methodology to develop optimal policies for the design of sustainable systems.     

数值波浪水槽在半圆堤波浪力计算中的应用

以N-S方程为控制方程,以k-ε模型为紊动封闭模型,采用VOF方法重构自由表面,建立了垂向二维数值波浪水槽。模拟了规则波与半圆堤的作用过程,结果表明,单点数模波压力过程与物模实测结果符合良好。研究中发现,数模计算中若堤后计算区域设置过短,堤上越浪可以引起堤后水量累积和水位上升现象,从而造成堤身背浪面压强总体增大,由此算得的防波堤总水平波浪力最大值偏小16%~20%。提出了将堤后计算区域延长到4~5倍波长的办法,计算结果表明,堤身背浪面压强上升及堤身总水平力下降现象基本消失。     

基于能量分配的特定畸形波序列的数值模拟

文章对一个理论畸形波序列进行了数值模拟并且将数值结果与理论值做了对比.采用速度入口方法以实现波浪模拟.在造波边界处不考虑高阶波浪成分,只输入线性波浪速度.分别采用三种不同分辨率的网格进行数值模拟,以找到足够有效捕捉自由面的网格模型.考虑到快速傅里叶变换不能反映畸形波的时频特征,因而引入小波变换研究畸形波传播过程中的能量变化.最后比较了北海实测畸形波和文中理论畸形波小波变换的差异.     

Tractor-semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

随机变分方程解的存在,唯一性问题

研究了随机有限元方法的理论基础－随机变分方程解的合理性问题，证明了一般形式的随机变分方程解的存在与唯一性定性，明确了在随机扰动算子不足以破坏均值微分算子的强制性条件－不会导致方程类型变异的前提下，Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ择一定理的第二个结果成立，此时在概率１的意义上变分解存在而且唯一。     

轴向荷载作用下K型管节点焊缝周围应力分布的参数公式

应用分区产生网格的方法产生了K型节点的有限元模型,计算了在轴向荷载作用下K型节点焊缝周围的热点应力分布情况,并与相关试验结果进行对比分析,验证了所提出的有限元模型的可行性和准确性。通过对1152个K节点模型分析,研究了几何参数对K型节点焊缝周围热点应力分布的影响,发现在几何参数取不同值时热点应力的分布随几何参数的变化发生改变,而且热点应力的位置也随着几何参数的变化在冠点和鞍点之间移动。并在此几何参数分析的基础上,提出了K型节点焊缝周围应力集中系数分布的参数公式,并对参数公式进行了误差分析。对于绝大多数K节点模型,拟合得到的参数公式所计算的焊缝周围应力分布结果是精确可靠的,所以提出的参数公式为工程中K节点疲劳设计和分析提供了参考方法。     

针对编队攻击的防空武器系统效能分析

针对现代防空作战中空袭兵力、兵器主要采用小编队、多波次的饱和攻击这一特点,根据排队论和武器系统射击效能分析理论,建立了批量到达、损失制的多服务台（M（k）/FT/m/m）防空武器系统排队模型,给出了此系统的状态转移密度图与稳态方程组。该模型解决了空袭目标成批到达作战分析这样一个动态问题。