数值波浪水池中船舶顶浪运动模拟研究

文献[1,2]进行了数值波浪水池波浪环境的模拟、规则波顶浪中船舶水动力的计算以及船舶辐射问题的模拟.文章在其基础上,基于N-S方程,对规则波中顶浪前进的Wigley船模运动进行了模拟.数值模拟的船模运动结果与DUT(Dem University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,分析,二者符合较好.文中与文献[1,2]的研究工作一起,初步构建了真正意义上的基于N-S方程的数值波浪水池.     

The proper orthogonal decomposition method for the Navier-Stokes equations

The proper orthogonai decomposition (POD) method for the instatiouary Navier-Stokes equations is considered. Several numerical approaches to evaluating the POD eigenfunctions are presented. The POD eigenfunctions are applied as a basis for a Galerkin projection of the instationary Navier-Stokes equations. And a low-dimensional ordinary differential models for fluid flows governed by the instationary Navier-Stokes equations are constructed. The numerical examples show that the method is feasible and efficient for optimal control of fluids.     

改进的基于特征线的N-S方程算子分裂有限元法

基于特征线的Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程算子分裂有限元法（CBOS有限元法）的核心是在每一个时间层上,采用算子分裂法将N-S方程的对流项和扩散项分开求解;对流项的求解过程借鉴了简单显式特征线时间离散,显式求解。该文在原CBOS有限元法基础上推导了一种更加精确的对流项显式离散方法。通过自编程序对方腔流进行数值模拟,表明该算法具有更高的计算精度。低雷诺数下圆柱绕流计算所得的阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈数等与已有数据较为接近,表明该文中算法能较准确地模拟圆柱绕流的流场特性;最后,文中分析了Re=200时圆柱绕流在一个周期内所受升力变化与对应流场中压力和流线演化的关系。     

非线性方程组求解的新方法

提出了一种求解非线性方程组的方法.将非线性方程组的求解问题转化为最优化问题,对经典BFGS变尺度法进行改进:采用高精度通用数值算法求解函数梯度,采用新的数值解析法进行一维探索,进而有效地提高了BFGS变尺度法的效率和程序通用性;对遗传算法进行了改进.将改进的BFGS变尺度法与改进的遗传算法进行混合杂交,得到一种全局优化算法,数值测试表明该算法是可靠的.     

The Kinematics and Field Equations for Porous Media

With a porous medium regarded as an immiscible mixture of multiphase and each phase as a miscible mixture of multi-constituent, a systematical research on the kinematics and field equations for porous media is carried out from the point of view of mixture theory. It is shown that the motion of each phase is the mathematical average of the motions of all constituents in the phase, and that the motion of porous media may be described as the motion of the skeleton and the relative motion of each phase with respect to the skeleton. The influence of mass exchange between different constituents in each phase and the influence of mass exchange of same constituent between different phases in porous media are considered in field equations which are self-consistent in theory. All the field equations in the references are special cases of the equations proposed in this paper.     

海上横向补给高架索道系统的动力学方程

在对高架索道的曲线坐标系进行理论推导和对高架索道受力进行分析的基础上,建立了海上横向补给高架索道系统的动力学方程,理论上可求出其相应的动力学响应.     

弹塑性变形中的弹性效应

由于数学上的困难,弹塑性问题分析中一般忽略弹性变形.而且,求解时对本构方程的一些简化方法如不可压缩假设等被广泛采用.本文分析了一种比拟解答的优点和其在某些方面的改进,并以平面应变下的弹塑性单元体为例,详细计算和分析了不同应力状态下弹塑性变形过程中的弹性效应.     

A fine discrete field cellular automaton for pedestrian dynamics integrating pedestrian heterogeneity,anisotropy, and time-dependent characteristics

This paper proposes a discrete field cellular automaton (CA) model that integrates pedestrian heterogeneity, anisotropy, and time-dependent characteristics. The pedestrian movement direction, moving/staying, and steering are governed by the transfer equations. Compared with existing studies on fine-discretized CA models, the proposed model is advantageous in terms of flexibility, higher spatial accuracy, wider speed range, relatively low computational cost, and elaborated conflict resolution with synchronous update scheme. Three different application scenarios are created by adjusting the definite conditions of the model: (1) The first one is a unidirectional pedestrian movement in a channel, where a complete jam in the high-density region is observed from the proposed model, which is missing from existing floor field CA models. (2) The second one is evacuation from a room, where the evacuation time is independent of the discretization factor, which is different from previous work. (3) The third one is an ascending evacuation through a 21-storey stair system, where pedestrians move with constant speed or with fatigue. The evacuation time in the latter case is nearly twice of that in the former.     

Examining the effects of the built environment and residential self-selection on commuting trips and the related CO2 emissions: An empirical study in Guangzhou,China

Numerous studies have established the link between the built environment and travel behavior. However, fewer studies have focused on environmental costs of travel (such as CO₂ emissions) with respect to residential self-selection. Combined with the application of TIQS (Travel Intelligent Query System), this study develops a structural equations model (SEM) to examine the effects of the built environment and residential self-selection on commuting trips and their related CO₂ emissions using data from 2015 in Guangzhou, China. The results demonstrate that the effect of residential self-selection also exists in Chinese cities, influencing residents’ choice of living environments and ultimately affecting their commute trip CO₂ emissions. After controlling for the effect of residential self-selection, built environment variables still have significant effects on CO₂ emissions from commuting although some are indirect effects that work through mediating variables (car ownership and commuting trip distance). Specifically, CO₂ emissions are negatively affected by land-use mix, residential density, metro station density and road network density. Conversely, bus stop density, distance to city centers and parking availability near the workplace have positive effects on CO₂ emissions. To promote low carbon travel, intervention on the built environment would be effective and necessary.     

基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果数值预报

针对节能装置节能效果的预报仍然依赖模型试验,数值预报方法对节能效果的预报存在较多困难的问题,提出了一种基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果的数值预报方法。首先,研究了整体求解船-桨-舵相互干扰的水动力性能数值计算方法,计算结果与试验值的比较显示,该数值计算方法具有较好的计算精度。然后,采用上述方法预报了船-桨-舵-整流鳍相互干扰的水动力性能,通过比较有整流鳍和无整流鳍两种情况下,螺旋桨吸收单位转矩所发出的推力,分析了整流鳍的节能效果,得到了节能效果较优的整流鳍,其综合节能效果可达2.78%,从而为船舶节能装置的节能效果预报提供了一种适用的理论研究方法。