The carbon footprint of business travel in the knowledge-intensive service sector

We explore the travel needs and patterns, and the corresponding carbon footprint, of small service organizations during different phases of knowledge-intensive business processes, and compare the results with the priorities given to travel-related goals by staff. We apply a combination of focus group data, mobile positioning, and individual follow-up interviews as study methods. The need for physical travel is determined by a combination of the perceived potential for knowledge creation and transfer offered by each trip, the strength of interpersonal relationships in business networks, and the significance of the travel goal in terms of economic sustainability. The priorities given to travel goals reflect the environmental load of business travel only in domestic contexts, where executing core business processes accounted for the highest carbon footprint. We propose the ways in which the management of business interactions could take into account sociotechnical environment and social recognition of low-carbon communication and travel modes.     

GSM-R网络安全性分析与对策

GSM—R是在GSM的基础上,针对铁路移动通信的特点而开发的一种专用无线通信系统,其安全性受到网络结构与用户终端移动性本身的制约。本文通过分析GSM—R网络的体系结构特点,讨论了GSM—R系统中存在的网络安全隐患,并提出了相应的防范措施。     

GSM-R在铁路通信中的作用

GSM-R 是欧洲铁路联盟(UIC)在 TDMA 数字移动通信中引入特殊寻址方式和高级语音呼叫业务而形成的技术体制。铁道部决定采用欧洲 GSM—R作为我国铁路移动通信体制,并根据我国铁路行车密度高、运输组织复杂等特点,引进通用分组无线业务子系统(GPRS),与既有线调度通信系统相结合。GSM-R 能够在一个综合平台上提供丰富的综合调度通信业务,特别是能够为列车控制提供无线数据传输,具有强大的调度功能。     

基于二进制签名树的移动受信证书管理模型

对目前PKI体系中的证书信任关系和用户受信证书管理进行分析,指出由于数字证书的体积问题,限制了受信根证书的移动,从而制约了移动用户网络安全事务的处理。提出基于二进制签名树的移动受信证书管理模型。利用该模型把用户的受信证书与用户的私钥和个人证书一起存储于IC卡中,使移动用户利用便携的IC卡能方便安全地建立信任关系,进行网络安全事务处理。通过对移动受信证书管理模型存储计算和受信证书验证计算分析,该模型具有较小的存储体积和受信证书验证计算量。     

基于云服务的交通量计算系统的设计

为了提高交通量数据采集与计算能力,基于云服务设计了一个交通量计算系统,集中处理全市交通量数据.应用了Windows Mobile智能设备开发技术编写了手机端交通量计数器程序,通过3G网络实现了交通量原始数据的上传.在云服务中心,应用了Excel VBA二次开发技术生成了各种统计图表,调查员在工作中,随时可下载统计图,了解交叉口的实时交通流量、流向等数据.实践证明,该交通量计算系统扩展性良好,能应对大城市交通量计算需求,能够推进智慧交通、智慧城市的建设.     

广西高速公路信息中心应急救援系统简介

文章介绍了在广西壮族自治区高速公路管理局所辖路段,利用移动通信与定位技术、地理信息技术,建设集呼救点定位、紧急救援调度、公众出行信息服务等功能于一体的信息中心应急救援系统的方法。     

A trade-off analysis between penetration rate and sampling frequency of mobile sensors in traffic state estimation

The rapid-growth of smartphones with embedded navigation systems such as GPS modules provides new ways of monitoring traffic. These devices can register and send a great amount of traffic related data, which can be used for traffic state estimation. In such a case, the amount of data collected depends on two variables: the penetration rate of devices in traffic flow (P) and their data sampling frequency (z). Referring to data composition as the way certain number of observations is collected, in terms of P and z, we need to understand the relation between the amount and composition of data collected, and the accuracy achieved in traffic state estimation. This was accomplished through an in-depth analysis of two datasets of vehicle trajectories on freeways. The first dataset consists of trajectories over a real freeway, while the second dataset is obtained through microsimulation. Hypothetical scenarios of data sent by equipped vehicles were created, based on the composition of data collected. Different values of P and z were used, and each unique combination defined a specific scenario. Traffic states were estimated through two simple methods, and a more advanced one that incorporates traffic flow theory. A measure to quantify data to be collected was proposed, based on travel time, number of vehicles, penetration rate and sampling frequency. The error was below 6% for every scenario in each dataset. Also, increasing data reduced variability in data count estimation. The performance of the different estimation methods varied through each dataset and scenario. Since the same number of observations can be gathered with different combinations of P and z, the effect of data composition was analyzed (a trade-off between penetration rate and sampling frequency). Different situations were found. In some, an increase in penetration rate is more effective to reduce estimation error than an increase in sampling frequency, considering an equal increase in observations. In other areas, the opposite relationship was found. Between these areas, an indifference curve was found. In fact, this curve is the solution to the optimization problem of minimizing the error given any fixed number of observations. As a general result, increasing sampling frequency (penetration rate) is more beneficial when the current sampling frequency (penetration rate) is low, independent of the penetration rate (sampling frequency).     

移动无线传感器网络节点定位算法研究

文章针对移动无线传感器网络中节点定位的问题,提出利用一个移动锚节点结合DV-Hop算法来对节点进行定位的方法,该算法与静态网络中DV-Hop定位算法相比节约了网络成本,仿真实验表明,该算法的定位误差和定位覆盖率可以满足大多数应用。     

移动式近海基地的动力定位控制研究

移动式近海基地是一个大型的、浮动的、自行驱动的、由三至五个模块组成的海洋结构.其中的每个模块均能在风、浪、流作用力下实现长期定位.本文首先讨论了针对移动式近海基地的控制架构.然后针对近海基地中的单独模块设计了一个非线性带前馈的比例微分(PD)控制器,并将其应用到多个模块的运动控制中.文中同时给出了所设计的控制系统的仿真结果.     

基于移动定位技术的出租汽车O/D计费系统

基于移动定位技术的出租汽车O/D计费系统,是根据移动定位系统确定初始和结束位置（O与D）,不依赖于时间和空间上的真实移动,只是由起止点来决定出行费用的.出租汽车根据Wordrap的平衡条件选择最捷径出行,以最短的时间到达目的地,乘客只关心起讫点信息.该系统有利于协调司机与乘客的关系,缓解道路承载能力,减轻交通拥堵,提升城市的管理品位.