Communicating something confidential while travelling by train: the use of a telephone conversation versus silent modes

Wireless ICTs are often used in public transport. Using survey data collected amongst 98 train travellers this article aims to gain insight into important factors that affect train travellers’ intentions to communicate with distant others while travelling. More specifically, the focus is on the decision-making process that leads to the intention to choose for a confidential conversation either via ‘audible’ mobile phone or via ‘silent’ SMS/e-mail. An approach that is related to the Extended Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (EMGB) is applied. Structural equation modelling results indicate that in particular past SMS behaviour, the desire to communicate (goal desire), the perceived efficacy and controllability influence the intention to conduct a confidential phone conversation in the train. The influence of the social environment (e.g. eavesdropping) seems to be less important. Several EMGB constructs are strongly influenced by age. It seems that older respondents have more negative attitudes towards telephoning while travelling by train, and find it more difficult to call other people in such a situation. Finally, they have a lower intention than younger respondents to conduct a confidential conversation over the phone while travelling.

手机信令数据在交通枢纽客流监测中的应用 ——以重庆市为例

为及时、准确地掌握节假日期间综合客运枢纽的出行规律,针对客流数据采集的非实时性 问题,采用手机信令数据研究了交通枢纽客流监测方法。以重庆北客运枢纽为例,根据枢纽和基站的分布特性划分了监测范围,采用手机信令数据实现了在站客流、全日客流和集散时间的实时 监测,并分析了不同节假日期间交通枢纽的运行特征。最后,通过交通枢纽的历史客流数据对本文提出的监测指标进行了验证。结果显示,利用手机信令数据监测的交通枢纽客流量准确率达 90%以上,可用于综合客运枢纽的客流实时监测和预警。     

Cycleways and footpaths: What separation is needed for equivalent air pollution dose between travel modes?

Cycling and walking are being promoted in many urban areas as alternatives to motorised transport for health, environmental, and financial reasons. The reduced congestion and resulting decrease in the overall amount of pollution reduced can be expected to result in health benefits for the community. However, active commuters, due to their increased respiration rates and often increased travel times can expect to receive larger doses of air pollution compared with those using motorised forms of transport. However, given the large dropoff in concentrations away from a road, it can be expected that significant reductions can be achieved even with relatively small increases in separation between the path of cyclists/pedestrians and motor vehicles.This study presents a simple methodology for calculating the separation needed for cyclists and pedestrians to experience the same air pollution dose as car commuters. An example is given based on carbon monoxide (CO) data collected in a field campaign consisting of a car driver, a cyclist and a pedestrian travelling on a 2600 metre loop of road in Auckland. For this case study, the estimated distance from the centreline needed for cyclists and pedestrians to receive an equivalent dose of CO as motorists was found to range from 5.8 to 14.2 m depending on the commuting mode and the dispersion state of the atmosphere at the site. This was equal to a CO concentration reduction of 0.1–0.14 ppm per metre. Recommendations on facility modifications and route selections have been made to make active mode commuting safer.     

The Integrated Model on Mobile Payment Acceptance (IMMPA): An empirical application to public transport

This study examines the users’ acceptance and usage of mobile payments, focusing on the mobile ticketing technologies applied in a public transport context. We investigate the main predictors of the intention to use mobile ticketing and the relation between those predictors, considering the prominent literature on users’ technology acceptance background and extending the knowledge through an innovative contribution. The main models of reference in this study are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovation Model (DOI) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The new model that we proposed is called the Integrated Model on Mobile Payment Acceptance (IMMPA), and it was designed specifically for mobile payments in the public transport, on the basis of the models previously mentioned. It was developed by mixing the variables of the existing models and adding new ones tailored to the mobile payment/ticketing framework. The theoretical framework was tested using the Structural Equation Models. The results show that the intention to use a technology is affected by the Usefulness, Ease of use and the Security of that technology. Moreover, the Usefulness is simultaneously influenced by the Ease of use, the Compatibility with users’ values and needs and their Attitude towards mobile services. Furthermore, the model confirms the direct relation between the intention to use a technology and its actual usage. The new predictor, that is the Attitude towards mobile services, includes those requirements that every mobile ticketing payment must address in this context: complete information, further information about time and delay, speed of use, intuitive interface, and path customisation. Another new construct detected is the Security, in reference to mobile payment. Because it could represent an obstacle to mobile ticketing distribution, it must be considered by market operators. The originality of the paper addresses the realisation of a new model, the IMMPA, which was specifically designed for mobile payment in the public transport.     

浅谈公共交通公众出行信息服务系统的应用

本文阐述了公众出行信息服务系统在公共交通领域中的应用,目标是建设个性化的公交实时位置信息接入平台,用户可以通过自己的手机,随时随地查询本市各公交车辆的实时位置、上下行方向等信息,方便市民适时安排自己的乘车计划,达到方便出行的目的.     

桥墩紊流宽度的试验研究

由于我国现行的《内河通航标准》(GB50139-2004)中,没有桥墩紊流宽度的计算方法,桥梁设计人员为了保证船舶航行安全,通常将桥梁跨度加大,这样既增加了结构设计的难度,又增加了工程的投资。通过水槽定床和动床试验,分析了行近流速、行近水深、来流角度、桥墩尺寸、桥墩墩型、桥墩冲刷等因素对桥墩紊流宽度的影响,利用量纲分析法对实测数据进行整理,推导出了桥墩紊流宽度的计算公式。     

GSM-R在中国铁路的应用和发展前景

主要针对当前中国铁路无线通信系统现状及存在的问题,阐述了引入GSM-R系统的关键技术、应用业务和发展前景,并阐明了其所带来的经济、社会效益。     

基于移动代理的分布式无线传感器网络管理

无线传感器网络正日益成为一种用于各类应用中的重要技术。无线传感器网络由成百上千个传感器结点构成,这些传感器结点具有传感、处理及无线通信的能力。但迄今为止,无线传感器网络及其应用在发展的同时,并未考虑对无线传感器网络管理的解决方案。作为一种动态拓扑的无线移动网络,相对于常规网络的管理而言,无线传感器网络的管理有它自身的特点和要求。本文首先分别介绍了无线传感器网络以及移动代理的基本概念和特点,分析研究了无线传感器网络管理的自身特点和需求。然后在此基础上,提出了一种基于移动代理的分布式无线传感器网络管理的体系结构,其中包括网络管理体系结构的工作原理,以及被管理的传感器结点的结构模型。最后讨论研究了在此网络管理体系结构中的传感器结点的分簇要求及特点。     

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提出利用“微观”交通信息— 道路上独立车辆的行驶状态来估计道路交通参 数,发展一类新的交通参数估计方法.文中通过移动通信网络获得的在路手机位置及运动速度作为检测信息,应用聚类分析佑计在路车辆运行状态,进而实现高速公路交通参数的实时佑计.本文提出的方法可以进行较大范围交通参数检测,且利用已有的通信网络,不需检测设备的大量投资.实验结果证明了方法的有效性.     

嵌入式设备上Mobile SVG显示的反走样算法研究

以嵌入式设备上Mobile SVG表示模型为基础.分析了反走样技术在低端设备上实现的具体问题.利用后滤波的原理.对多邻接点时新边界点的选择和轮廓端点的对称合成等同题进行了分析.采用构造拟合曲线查找表进行曲线拟合的方法实现反走样.由于映射关系独立于具体图形绘制而事先已经建立.因而计算量不大,对于低端设备图形应用非常适合.实验证明该方法用于Mobile SVG在嵌入式设备上显示时反走样有很好的效果.