舰空导弹发射模型研究

以舰空导弹使用研究为主线,对与作战使用紧密相关的瞄准和发射问题进行了深入的分析,旨在为舰空导弹作战使用研究提供总体思路和方法,同时也为仿真计算奠定基础。本文内容包括发射装置对目标的跟踪模型,发射参数的计算模型,导弹离轨姿态的确定模型以及射击瞄准的实现模型。     

BIM在道路设施养护中的应用需求与创新

建筑信息建模（Building Information Modeling, BIM）技术已广泛应用于道路设施的设计和施工阶段,但在养护阶段还没有发挥其应有的价值。鉴于此,针对目前BIM技术在道路设施养护应用中存在的缺少对应用需求的系统性梳理、应用内容分析不够深入、缺少应用示范等问题,对BIM在道路设施养护中的应用需求与创新展开研究。首先对BIM在国内外道路设施养护中的应用现状进行了综述,然后结合问卷调查详细分析了BIM在道路设施养护中的应用需求,并重点讨论了可进一步应用的方向,最后结合作者团队在BIM应用与研发方面的技术积累,对BIM数字沙盘、路面病害建模、全景病害关联、日常移动巡检、实景融合安全运行监控等创新应用进行了介绍,为BIM在道路设施养护中的应用提供案例参考。研究表明：BIM在道路设施养护中的应用前景广阔,在设施状态管理、日常巡查、小修测算、养护决策等方面具有普遍的需求和实施的可行性,也是BIM应用创新可聚焦以寻求突破的重点方向。     

New method for ship finite element method preprocessing based on a 3D parametric technique

A new method for ship finite element method (FEM) preprocessing is presented as well as its program development. The method is applicable for all kinds of ships at different levels, such as a whole ship, cargo hold parts or detailed structures. The 3D parametric technique is used when creating ship structures, which improves the modeling efficiency greatly and makes the model easy to modify. A 3D geometric constraint solver is developed to solve the constraint system of the parametric model. A meshing procedure is presented to automatically convert the parametric structure model into a finite element model, by which high quality mesh is generated in the stress concentrated area. It also becomes possible to create finite element models for different levels from the same structure model. Using this method, the engineers avoid much of the complex and laborious work of FEM preprocessing, which consumes a very significant amount of time in finite element analysis, and can pay more attention to post-processing. This method has proved to be practical and highly efficient by several engineering trials. This work is sponsored by “Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”.     

B型图谱桨参数化建模与水动力分析

螺旋桨是水下设备推进系统中的核心零件，图谱桨是螺旋桨中的一种，其下又细分为B型、Ka型、AU型、MAU型等。其中，B型图谱桨的桨叶截面形状为翼型，相对其它桨型效率较高。在对经典的图谱和B型图谱桨参数研究比较之后，基于PropCad对B型图谱桨进行了优化设计，导入SolidWorks生成三维模型实现了参数化建模，模型是盘面比为35%的三叶B型图谱桨。通过ICEM CFD对三维模型进行了网格划分,网格分为流动域、旋转域两部分。在Fluent中利用MRF模型进行数值仿真计算，模型设置为RNG k-epsilon模型，将仿真计算的结果与螺旋桨水下实际应用效果进行了对比。仿真结果和实际效果一致，证明了此建模方法的准确性、可靠性，同时也证明了此螺旋桨实际应用时水动力性能优越。     

地铁智慧车站运营指挥系统设计与实现

简要介绍了智慧车站建设中客运管理在组织、联动指挥方面存在的不足,研究和探讨了智慧车站运营指挥系统设计及其实现方案;详细介绍了该系统的结构、实现功能、关键技术和难点;总结了该系统研究对城市轨道交通智慧车站提升客运管理、联动指挥,以及提升车站管理信息化水平的意义。     

Projecting adoption of truck powertrain technologies and CO2 emissions in line-haul networks

In this paper we present a mixed-integer linear program to represent the decision-making process for heterogeneous fleets selecting vehicles and allocating them on freight delivery routes to minimize total cost of ownership. This formulation is implemented to project alternative powertrain technology adoption and utilization trends for a set of line-haul fleets operating on a regional network. Alternative powertrain technologies include compressed (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) engines, hybrid electric diesel, battery electric (BE), and hydrogen fuel cell (HFC). Future policies, economic factors, and availability of fueling and charging infrastructure are input assumptions to the proposed modeling framework. Powertrain technology adoption, vehicle utilization, and resulting CO₂ emissions predictions for a hypothetical, representative regional highway network are illustrated. A design of experiments (DOE) is used to quantify sensitivity of adoption outcomes to variation in vehicle performance parameters, fuel costs, economic incentives, and fueling and charging infrastructure considerations. Three mixed-adoption scenarios, including BE, HFC, and CNG vehicle market penetration, are identified by the DOE study that demonstrate the potential to reduce cumulative CO₂ emissions by more than 25% throughout the period of study.     

Hydrothermally degraded carbon fiber / epoxy plates subjected to underwater explosive loading in a fully submerged environment

An experimental and computational investigation was conducted to evaluate the underwater blast response of fully submerged carbon fiber composite plates after prolonged exposure to saline water. The material was a biaxial carbon fiber/epoxy composite with a [±45°] fiber orientation layup. The plates were placed in a saline water bath with a temperature of 65 °C for 35 and 70 days, which simulates approximately 10 and 20 years of operating conditions in accordance to Fick's law of diffusion coupled with Arrhenius's Equation and a reference ocean temperature of 17 °C. Underwater blast experiments were performed in a 2.1 m diameter pressure vessel. The composite plates were placed in the center of the vessel while fully submerged in water, and an RP-85 explosive was detonated at a standoff distance of 102 mm from the center of the plate. Two cases of fluid hydrostatic gage pressures were investigated: 0 MPa, and 3.45 MPa. Two high speed cameras were utilized for three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation, which provided full-field displacements and velocities of the composite plates during underwater blast loading. A third high speed camera captured the behavior of the explosive gas bubble. Moreover, the pressure fields generated by the explosive detonation and resulting gas bubble were recorded with tourmaline pressure transducers. A water diffusion study was completed which showed that the diffusion of water into the composites reached a point of complete saturation after 35 days of exposure. Quasi-static material characterization tests were performed before and after prolonged exposure to saline water. The properties obtained from quasi-static testing also served as material inputs for the numerical models. The quasi-static test results showed that the tensile modulus E_1,2 does not change with exposure to saline water, whereas the in-plane shear modulus G₁₂ decreases with saline water exposure. During blast loading, for the case of 0 MPa hydrostatic gage pressure, the gas bubble interacts with the composite plate substantially. In such an event, the out of plane displacement increased for saline water exposed plates when compared to virgin structures. For the case of 3.45 MPa hydrostatic gage pressure, the gas bubble does not visibly interact with the composite plate. In this case, the out of plane displacement for specimens exposed to saline water was similar to the virgin specimen. A fully coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian fluid structure interaction simulation was performed by using the DYSMAS code. The numerical simulations showed that the displacement of fully submerged composite plates is driven by the displacement of fluid, as well as the size of the gas bubble formed by the explosive rather than the peak pressure generated by the explosive. The numerical simulations were in agreement with the experimental findings in terms of pressure history and plate deformation.     

铁路工程地质BIM技术方法研究

工程地质专业作为各个设计专业的基础,可为智能铁路设计提供基础地质数据。但三维地质建模技术在类似轨道交通和公路、铁路等线性工程方面尚不成熟。基于京张高铁项目,采用地层面剖切法、横向拟合拉伸方法、三棱柱法分别对地质体进行建模,并总结出了适用于铁路工程的BIM三维地质建模方法。     

Differences in emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008 — Natural and anthropogenic causes (MONERIS model)

The aim of the modeling studies (MONERIS) was to estimate annual source apportioned nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emissions into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008, thus, during the transition period in Poland, characterized by changes in both agricultural sector and handling of point source pollution. N and P emissions into both basins showed declining tendencies. Between the sub-periods 1995-2002 and 2003-2008, the overall N emission into the Vistula and Oder basins decreased by 16-17% (i.e. by ca. 26,900 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 18,000 tons in the Oder basin); P emission declined by 23% in the Vistula and by 32% in the Oder basins (i.e. by ca. 3400 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 2200 tons in the Oder basin). The temporal patterns of N and P emission into the Vistula and Oder basins, as well as the percentage contribution of N and P pathways (particularly: overland flow, tile drainage, groundwater, waste water treatment plants) showed great differences between the basins. Natural (type of bedrock, soil type, lake area) and anthropogenic (regionally and temporarily different type and intensity of agricultural activity, spatially different structural changes in agriculture during the transition period, regionally and temporarily different investment in waste water treatment plans) factors were found to be responsible for the differences, and the relationships are extensively discussed in the paper. In 1995-2008, 70% of N emission into both river basins was via groundwater and tile drainage, with the former playing more important role in the Vistula basin, and the latter playing more important role in the Oder basin; contribution of N emission from point sources was comparable in both rivers and it reached 11-12%. In 1995-2008, point sources, erosion, overland flow, and urban systems were found the most important P pathways in both basins, with a higher percentage contribution of point sources in the Oder basin.     

Repeated anticipatory network traffic control using iterative optimization accounting for model bias correction

Anticipatory signal control in traffic networks adapts the signal timings with the aim of controlling the resulting (equilibrium) flows and route choice patterns in the network. This study investigates a method to support control decisions for successful applications in real traffic systems that operate repeatedly, for instance from day to day, month to month, etc. The route choice response to signal control is usually predicted through models; however this leads to suboptimality because of unavoidable prediction errors between model and reality. This paper proposes an iterative optimizing control method to drive the traffic network towards the real optimal performance by observing modeling errors and correcting for them. Theoretical analysis of this Iterative Optimizing Control with Model Bias Correction (IOCMBC) on matching properties between the modeled optimal solution and the real optimum is presented, and the advantages over conventional iterative schemes are demonstrated. A local convergence analysis is also elaborated to investigate conditions required for a convergent scheme. The main innovation is the calculation of the sensitivity (Jacobian) information of the real route choice behavior with respect to signal control variables. To avoid performing additional perturbations, we introduce a measurement-based implementation method for estimating the operational Jacobian that is associated with the reality. Numerical tests confirm the effectiveness of the proposed IOCMBC method in tackling modeling errors, as well as the influence of the optimization step size on the reality-tracking convergence.