当代民航机场的管理与建设

随着交通运输和经济的发展 ,民用机场的功能不断扩大 ,机场的概念也在拓宽。机场不再只是飞机起降的场所 ,而是客货的集散地 ,甚至是一个经济实体。这对机场的管理和建设提出了更宽、更高、更深的要求。机场管理内容很多 ,大致可以分为三类 :运行管理、经营管理和规划与建设管理。机场与所在城市及周围社区相互促进、相互影响。这在制订城市发展规划和机场发展规划时必须认真加以考虑。机场的管理、建设和规划的范畴与内容必须适应城市与交通运输的发展 ,机场的工程建设与信息化是实现机场功能的保障。     

南京禄口国际机场2期工程交通接驳优化设计

大型机场陆侧交通方式复杂多样,如何合理设计陆侧交通,实现陆侧交通与航站楼的顺畅接驳成为影响机场能否高效运转的重要问题。文章针对南京禄口国际机场现有交通接驳方式进行分析研究,将交通接驳紧密融合到陆侧交通设计过程中,提出实际性的交通接驳优化方案,确保新建陆侧交通系统更加顺畅便捷。     

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阐述了中国民航总局近十年来的体制与管理的变革，介绍了中国民航当前采取的五项重大举措.即建立精干高效的行业监管体制和队伍；中国民航由九家航空运输企业组成国内三大航空公司的建设；机场的管理体制和走向市场化；以及改革民航运输的空管制度等.特别讨论2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会等重大活动的空运管理问题.     

Capacity investment model for airport facilities under demand uncertainty

This paper addresses strategic airport facility planning under demand uncertainty. Existing studies are improved by (1) allowing capacity contraction and (2) adopting more flexible delay functions. A mixed‐integer nonlinear program, which incorporates scale economies in construction, time value of money, nonlinear congestion effect, and other factors, is proposed for optimizing the capacity expansion/contraction decisions over time for multiple airport components. The stochastic problem is converted into its deterministic equivalent because the number of demand scenarios considered is finite. A discrete approximation technique is used to remove the nonlinearities. Numerical studies are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model and the computational efficiency of the solution method. The “Flaw of Averages” due to faulty decisions based on the average future condition is illustrated, and trade‐offs among various costs are discussed in the numerical analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自发热机场沥青混凝土道面融雪化冰试验研究

通过对铺装了导电体的自发热机场沥青混凝土道面进行化冰试验与融雪试验（初始温度为-10 ℃、导体控制温度为50 ℃、设置和不设置隔热层），得出了融雪化冰所需时间和设置隔热层能够提高能量利用率的结论。运用有限元软件融雪化冰分析，与试验结果对比，验证了试验结果的正确性。并对下一步研究工作提出了建议。     

Knowledge based decision support in airport terminal design

The state of the art in airport terminal design has essentially remained unchanged since the 1970s, relying on the use of detailed simulation together with empirical and statistical formulae for sizing the terminal. Air transport has altered considerably since then, with increased use of air travel for both business and leisure, together with the increased use of ‘hub’ terminals in which the terminal acts as an interchange stop on a journey involving several flights. The use of simulation involves a detailed analysis of the terminal design under one set of conditions. To change the design or operating conditions involves a complete resimulation using the new design parameters which is time consuming and computationally expensive.

By using a knowledge based approach, a system can be provided which has the flexibility and speed required to explore the consequences of implementing design decisions in a variety of conditions, together with the ability to use and alter facility sizing methodologies to reflect current and future design guidelines.     

西安机场城际线列车因移动授权超时而引发紧急制动故障的分析

西安机场城际线路信号系统采用基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统。列车在单A网、单B网模式测试期间,曾多次出现由移动授权超时导致的紧急制动故障。经分析列车运行数据,提出测试方案,并对测试结果进行综合分析,采取了优化LTE(长期演进)区间网络、调整车载信号设备参数、升级相应软件等措施顺利地解决了因移动授权超时而引发的故障。     

Effects of corruption on efficiency of the European airports

The effect of corruption on airport productive efficiency is analyzed using an unbalanced panel data of major European airports from 2003 to 2009. We first compute the residual (or net) variable factor productivity using the multilateral index number method and then apply robust cluster random effects model in order to evaluate the importance of corruption. We find strong evidence that corruption has negative impacts on airport operating efficiency; and the effects depend on the ownership form of the airport. The results suggest that airports under mixed public–private ownership with private majority achieve lower levels of efficiency when located in more corrupt countries. They even operate less efficiently than fully and/or majority government owned airports in high corruption environment. We control for economic regulation, competition level and other airports’ characteristics. Our empirical results survive several robustness checks including different control variables, three alternative corruption measures: International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) corruption index, Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Control of Corruption Index (CCI). The empirical findings have important policy implications for management and ownership structuring of airports operating in countries that suffer from higher levels of corruption.     

Effects of high-speed rail and airline cooperation under hub airport capacity constraint

This paper analyzes the effects of cooperation between a hub-and-spoke airline and a high-speed rail (HSR) operator when the hub airport may be capacity-constrained. We find that such cooperation reduces traffic in markets where prior modal competition occurs, but may increase traffic in other markets of the network. The cooperation improves welfare, independent of whether or not the hub capacity is constrained, as long as the modal substitutability in the overlapping markets is low. However, if the modal substitutability is high, then hub capacity plays an important role in assessing the welfare impact: If the hub airports are significantly capacity-constrained, the cooperation improves welfare; otherwise, it is likely welfare reducing. Through simulations we further study the welfare effects of modal asymmetries in the demands and costs, heterogeneous passenger types, and economies of traffic density. Our analysis shows that the economies of traffic density alone cannot justify airline–HSR cooperation.     

机场陆侧公共交通方式运力水平研究

对陆侧交通系统中公共交通方式的舒适性、换乘方便性、旅行时间、乘车价格等因素进行量化处理,建立机场陆侧公共交通方式运输效力计算模型,并以北京首都国际机场为例进行计算,分析模型的合理性.可为机场陆侧公共交通方式的服务水平分析评价、机场陆侧交通系统规划与管理提供参考.