Simulation-based assessment methodology to improve ground service operations at a hub airport

ABSTRACT

Airport terminals are dynamic environments and security/passport services generally constitute costly bottlenecks in terminals. Increases in the number of airline passengers compels airport terminals to provide more efficient services to its customers under space and resource limitations. This study examines the level of service of passenger processes at Istanbul Atatürk Airport by constructing a comprehensive simulation model. It focuses mainly on passport control services and passenger transfer security services because of the airport's hub status and the strategy of Turkish Airlines. The increasing number of transfer passengers may cause disruptions in departure flight schedules due to slow passenger processes. After validating the model, we investigate the consequences of three main alternative solutions, including 17 sub-scenarios, to capture target quality levels. Finally, we provide the results for each scenario to investigate the optimum allocation of resources to terminal operations.     

客货共运下机场线列车运行计划与货运分配方案协同优化

机场线具备利用富余能力开展城市货运服务的潜力。针对机场线客货共运问题，基于客货共载和货运专列两种货物运输形式，以考虑仓储、装卸及列车运行成本的货运净收益最大为目标，构建列车运行计划与货运分配方案协同优化模型，综合决策货运专列的编组停站方案、时刻表和货单分配。为快速求解模型，设计一维搜索算法对货运专列开行数量进行寻优。通过允许货运专列编组为0，保证搜索过程目标值单调递增，并利用Gurobi求解给定货运专列开行数量下的子问题。基于某市机场线案例结果表明，在不影响客运服务前提下，本文方法选择性满足货运需求，增加运营收益。相较于站站停模式，优化列车停站方案可增加5.2%的净收益；相较于固定编组模式，灵活编组在不同货运量和时效要求下可增加5%~35%的净收益，且时效要求较高时，灵活编组优势较为明显。     

城市轨道交通地下区间大跨度疏散平台结构设计

疏散平台作为地铁区间的快速辅助逃生通道,在城市轨道交通领域具有十分重要的作用。北京新机场线采用7.6 m直径的大盾构隧道断面,造成疏散平台平面宽度较大;为了满足本工程施工进度的要求,设计方案中增大了疏散平台支撑间距。因此,需要重新进行结构受力分析,建立支撑结构及平台板有限元模型并进行仿真计算。研究表明,1.6 m跨度疏散平台的平台板和支撑型钢的最大变形分别为5.335 mm和1.1 mm,最大应力分别为2.9 MPa和57.2 MPa,均在容许值范围内,所采用的平台板复合材料、支撑型钢等结构的受力性能亦满足规范要求。大跨度疏散平台方案有利于减少施工现场平台板的数量,有效提高现场疏散平台拼装施工的效率。     

城市轨道交通车辆段新型9号单开道岔设计研究

北京新机场线是我国首条时速160 km的地铁线路。为保证前期城市轨道交通的运营要求,并为中后期运量提升提供技术支持,按照城际铁路动车所设计标准选用了9号道岔。国铁50 kg/m钢轨9号道岔尖轨跟端为活接头式,容易产生病害且难以整治,为此研发了新型道岔。新道岔转辙器采用弹性可弯式尖轨,彻底消除了活接头病害;同时,对辙叉跟端进行了优化(采用夹板连接),选用33kg/m槽型护轨,基本轨内侧采用弹性扣压,提高了车辆段道岔的通过速度(侧向通过速度由25 km/h提高到35 km/h),保证了道岔功能要求。     

枢纽机场航线网络优化研究

枢纽机场航线网络优化主要解决由于航线网络结构与功能定位不匹配而导致的机场连通性低、航线网络同质化竞争严重、运行效率低下的问题。通过改进引力模型对城市对间的客流量进行预测,以此为预测的客流量为依据之一,以提高机场连通性为目的,构建航线网络优化模型,并进行求解。实现提高枢纽机场连通性、构建符合功能定位的层级网络的目标。并以位于我国中部,具有"连接南北,贯穿东西"地理优势的西安咸阳国际机场为例进行分析。由于国际航线受客观因素较多,本文主要研究国内客运航线,国际及货运不在本文研究之列。     

A choice model of airline passengers’ spending behaviour in the airport terminal

This study examines the influence of passengers’ travel-related factors, their intention to shop and the impact of socio-economic factors on their consumption behaviours while at the airport terminal. Three categories of consumption model – shopping, dining and airport entertainment – are developed to analyse different consumption behaviours. The results show that free time is the main factor that influences passengers to choose entertainment while waiting at the terminal, and the use of airline lounges has a negative influence on the extent of engagement in all three types of passenger consumption behaviour, especially dining. Furthermore, passengers’ dining expenditure has a positive effect on the extent of engagement in entertainment, but a negative influence on the extent of engagement in airport shopping. Passengers’ preferences of airport shopping area after they have cleared security is positively associated with the extent of engagement in both shopping and entertainment but negatively associated with the extent of engagement in dining activities.     

枢纽机场联通轨道交通的对策和建议

本文以问题导向和需求导向为出发点,紧密围绕我国千万级枢纽机场连接轨道交通的发展现状,聚焦在规划设计、建设实施、运营管理等方面存在的问题,结合千万级枢纽机场的轨道集疏运的需求分析,提出我国枢纽机场联通轨道交通的对策和建议,为我国枢纽机场轨道集疏运系统的高质量发展提供理论支撑。     

Control strategies for departure process delays at airport passenger terminals

This paper explores the characteristics of process delays at airport passenger terminals and establishes a queuing model for both passengers and baggage served by different connecting type facilities. The impact of delay propagation on other processes and flights is investigated using an analytical approach. In addition, the extra costs incurred on passengers, process operators, and airlines are examined using the delay cost functions. To reduce the impact of process delays, various delay-controlled strategies are proposed, such as setting scheduled times for completion of a process, increasing the number of service counters, and priority service for emergent flights. Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan is used as a case study when facing special events. Results showed that the model can effectively and efficiently estimate delay propagation and its costs. In addition, processes that are not consecutive allow more buffer time between different operations, which helps ease propagation of delays caused by previous services.     

支线机场供配电规划浅析

航空交通是现代文明的重要体现,是现代交通运输体系的一个重要组成部分。机场作为航空运输的重要载体,不仅要承担旅客的进港、候机、出港的任务,同时也要保障飞机有序安全地起降。机场供电的安全可靠,是保障机场正常运行的重要环节。本文通过对某一机场的供配电设计进行分析,对支线机场的供电提出合理的规划方案。     

基于热管技术的机场道面融雪性能试验研究

为准确分析基于热管技术的机场道面融雪系统工作性能,综合考虑地热能、机场道面、热管间的传热特性,建立了热管加热融雪道面足尺试验系统;基于长期实测数据对融雪系统的道面融雪性能、温度场分布特性及其影响因素进行了分析;并在此基础上,通过研究融雪系统地下土壤热源热量长期消耗及回补特性探讨了融雪系统的可持续性工作性能。研究结果表明：基于热管技术的机场道面融雪系统可在冬季不改变道面温度分布特性的基础上,自动提高道面温度约15℃,有利于抑制道面结冰并融化道面积雪;在热管道面融雪过程中,当道面无雪率超过40%后,道面融雪过程将进入加速期;减少热管与道面表面的竖直距离,降低相邻热管间的水平间距均可改善热管道面温度分布规律,并有效提高道面融雪效率,而热管直径的变化对道面融雪性能影响相对较弱;随着气温降低,热管道面融雪效率逐渐下降,且当气温低于-9℃时,热管道面融雪性能受到较大限制;积雪经过适当压实作用,可缩短热管道面融雪时间;冬季地下热管的取热作用使得地下土壤温度约降低10℃,而夏季地下土壤温度逐渐恢复,随时间大致呈周期性变化,表明地下土壤可为热管道面融雪系统长期提供热量,持续保障热管道面融雪性能,实现机场道面冬季安全运行。