Quantitative Assessment of Implicit Environmental Impacts of Construction Projects

Assessment system of implicit environmental impacts was established including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantification of environmental impact indicators is based on the life cycle assessment system of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the evaluation software BEES. Normalization reference values and weights of 12 categories of environmental impacts were identified, and the environmental impact indicators in the phases of raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use and end of life were analyzed. By analyzing the environmental performance of a university refectory as a case study, it is demonstrated that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The total implicit environmental impact load per square meter of this project is 18.448×10~(-2) standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3% of total environmental impacts occur in the phase of raw material extraction.     

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交通拥挤费作为缓解城市交通拥堵的直接而有效的需求管理方法,已在国外部分城市实施. 本文对北京市旧城区实行交通拥挤收费的预期交通影响进行分析. 首先根据旧城区的区位特征,土地利用性质,以及目前交通运行状况,提出在旧城区实行交通拥挤收费的必要性. 然后借鉴国内外城市实行交通拥挤收费的经验,结合北京市实际的出行时间价值调查结论,提出旧城区交通拥挤收费的可行方案. 最后基于北京市宏观交通模型测试了施行拥挤费后的预期交通影响,并对施行拥挤费政策提出了相关建议.     

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交通影响费能补充城市交通的资金投入,调节土地开发与交通设施的供应关系. 从交通影响费的征收范围、费用标准、费用使用等方面,提出确定交通影响费的4项原则;探讨建设项目的交通投入、项目性质、所处区位特征和政策倾向等交通影响费的关键因素. 进一步,从项目类型界定、费用标准、社会认可度、与现行制度衔接等4个方面分析了征收TIF工作存在的主要难点及解决的思路,为现阶段在我国推行TIF政策提供参考依据.     

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目前,国外一些城市对交通影响评价工作的起评阈值进行了研究,即当建设项目规模或周边交通状况达到一定程度时需要开展交评工作,而国内城市开展交评工作相对较晚,对交评阈值相关研究和规定多停留在经验判断的阶段. 本文在总结国外城市交评起评阈值的基础上,根据北京市几年来交通影响评价工作经验,提出北京交评起评规模以公建类建筑面积2万平方米为基准,居住起评规模为公建2-3倍,远郊区为城八区对应建筑类型起评规模的2倍.     

Life cycle assessment for the ＂implicit＂ environmental impact of construction projects

The paper has established an assessment system and a quantitative calculation method of the "implicit" environmental impact including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantitative calculation of the environmental impact indicator is based on the life cycle assessment system and the evaluation software BEES. The paper identifies normalization reference values and weights for 12 categories of the environmental impact. It also analyzes the environmental impact indicator in life cycle stages, raw materials, transportation, manufacturing, utilization, and end of life. A university refectory project is studied. The result has shown that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The environmental impact indicator per m2 of this project is 18.448×10-2 standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3 % of the total environmental impact occurs at the raw material stage, in which the most severe environmental impact is cancerous health effect; the global warming is the main impact at the transportation and manufacturing stages; the indoor air quality impact is at the usage stage.     

相关系数模型在交通影响分析中的应用

本文在对常用交通影响分析范围确定方法和项目交通分布预测方法分析的基础上,将基于交通观测的相关系数模型运用于项目出行分布预测,提出在出行分布预测的同时逐步确定交通影响范围的方法,并结合具体案例进行分析。文章最后总结了模型的优点。     

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强夯法加固软土地基在高速公路中的应用实例

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